Stanley & Iris
(1990)
PG-13 | 104 mins | Drama, Romance | 9 February 1990
Director:
Martin RittWriters:
Harriet Frank Jr., Irving RavetchProducers:
Arlene Sellers, Alex WinitskyCinematographer:
Donald McAlpineEditor:
Sidney LevinProduction Designer:
Joel SchillerProduction Companies:
Lantana, Star Partners II, Ltd.
News items in the 9 Feb 1988 DV and 13 Oct 1988 HR referred to the film by its working titles, Union Street and Letters.
According to production notes in AMPAS library files, the character “Stanley Cox” did not appear in Pat Barker’s 1982 novel, Union Street, upon which the film is based. The novel featured an ensemble of seven female characters, and “Iris King” was singled out to be the screenplay’s heroine. The theme of illiteracy was inspired by “a small aside” in the novel regarding Iris’s husband’s inability to read or write. In a circa 1981 Sunday Times [London] article titled “In My View,” Pat Barker defended the discrepancies between her work and the screenplay adaptation by Harriet Frank, Jr. and Irving Ravetch, stating, “Film is a different medium, which has to reach its own solutions. The message for the novelist has to be: if you can’t take the consequences, don’t sell the rights.”
Due to actress Jane Fonda’s public disapproval of the Vietnam War in the early 1970s, several Vietnam veterans’ groups tried to ban Stanley & Iris from filming in various New England towns, including Chicopee and Holyoke, MA, and Waterbury, CT, as reported in numerous sources, including the 25 Mar 1988, 29 Apr 1988 and 5 Aug 1988 HR, and 28 Mar 1988 LAT. Despite a large protest rally and a public hearing in Chicopee, local legislators voted against motions to bar filming and “declare Fonda unwelcome,” according to the 5 Aug 1988 HR. In response to the controversy, Fonda made ...
News items in the 9 Feb 1988 DV and 13 Oct 1988 HR referred to the film by its working titles, Union Street and Letters.
According to production notes in AMPAS library files, the character “Stanley Cox” did not appear in Pat Barker’s 1982 novel, Union Street, upon which the film is based. The novel featured an ensemble of seven female characters, and “Iris King” was singled out to be the screenplay’s heroine. The theme of illiteracy was inspired by “a small aside” in the novel regarding Iris’s husband’s inability to read or write. In a circa 1981 Sunday Times [London] article titled “In My View,” Pat Barker defended the discrepancies between her work and the screenplay adaptation by Harriet Frank, Jr. and Irving Ravetch, stating, “Film is a different medium, which has to reach its own solutions. The message for the novelist has to be: if you can’t take the consequences, don’t sell the rights.”
Due to actress Jane Fonda’s public disapproval of the Vietnam War in the early 1970s, several Vietnam veterans’ groups tried to ban Stanley & Iris from filming in various New England towns, including Chicopee and Holyoke, MA, and Waterbury, CT, as reported in numerous sources, including the 25 Mar 1988, 29 Apr 1988 and 5 Aug 1988 HR, and 28 Mar 1988 LAT. Despite a large protest rally and a public hearing in Chicopee, local legislators voted against motions to bar filming and “declare Fonda unwelcome,” according to the 5 Aug 1988 HR. In response to the controversy, Fonda made a public apology to veterans on a Jul 1988 episode of the television newsmagazine series 20/20 (ABC, Jun 1978--present), and, as stated in a 4 Aug 1988 DV item, personally funded a $12,000 poll, conducted by Fairbank, Bregman and Maullin, that asked households, including those of Vietnam veterans, whether or not they supported the actress; a 3 Jun 1988 “Just for Variety” DV column reported the poll’s findings that 76% of local residents felt the filmmakers should be in Waterbury. Fonda was quoted as saying that there was “10% illiteracy” in Waterbury, proving that the subject matter of the film was timely and appropriate for the region. To make further amends, Fonda met with a group of twenty-five Vietnam veterans from CT and MA at a Naugatuck, CT, church, and joined with co-star Robert De Niro to raise $27,000 for the Brandy Schieb Children’s Fund benefitting “children suffering birth defects caused by their fathers’ exposure to Agent Orange…in Vietnam,” as stated in the 5 Aug 1988 HR.
A 12 Mar 1988 LAHExam brief announced that Stanley & Iris had encountered problems, with costs expected to rise above the $15 million budgeted by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM); however, by 4 Jun 1988, budget issues were resolved, according to a Long Beach Press-Telegram news brief of the same date, and filming would begin 28 Jul 1988. Principal photography started a few days later than expected on 1 Aug 1988, with two weeks of exterior scenes in Waterbury, CT, and one day of filming in Holyoke, MA. According to the 4 Aug 1988 DV, four or five groups of picketers appeared on location daily to protest Fonda’s presence, but hundreds of supporters showed up as well. On 15 Aug 1988, production moved to Toronto, Canada, for an additional eleven weeks. Toronto locations included the Hamilton Airport, Kew Beach Gardens, Lakeshore Psychiatric Hospital, The Emmanuel College library, St. Anne’s Church, and the Primrose Bakery.
As stated in production notes, production designer Joel Schiller designed Stanley’s invention in the film, a fully functional cake-cooling device that Schiller later patented after several bakeries expressed interest in the machine.
According to a 16 Oct 1989 HR news item, the original release date of Christmas 1989 was moved to 10 Feb 1990 because the film was deemed too small to compete with other planned Christmas releases.
Producers thank the following individuals and organizations in the end credits: Toronto Film Office; The Connecticut Film Office; The Waterbury Convention & Visitors Commission; Superintendent Bill Lamb, Inspector Arnold Mark and the Waterbury Police; Michael Dick and the Massachusetts Film Office; American Airlines.” End credits also contain a “Very Special Thanks” to: New Readers Press, the publishing division of Laubach Literacy International; Joan Warrender, Linda Church and Laubach Literacy Action of the U.S. Program of Laubach Literacy International; The Literacy Volunteers of America.”
Union Street
In a small New England town, Iris King’s purse is stolen on her bus ride home from work. Iris chases the thief while Stanley Cox, another bus rider, follows. In an alley, Stanley comes to Iris’s aid as the thief escapes. Iris complains that she just lost her paycheck, but Stanley argues that she should not have risked her safety over money. Stanley recognizes Iris from the bakery where they both work, but she admits she never noticed him before. That night, Iris serves dinner to her two children, Richard and Kelly; her sister, Sharon; and Sharon’s boyfriend, Joe. Although Sharon claims she has no money to contribute to the household, she angrily accuses Joe of stealing her secret stash of cash when she sees him drinking beer. Joe slaps Sharon’s face, and Jane sends Richard and Kelly outside. Later, while recalling Iris’s devotion to her late husband, George, Joe remarks that he chose the wrong sister. At the bakery, Iris works on an assembly line, adding whipped cream to cakes. That evening, she runs into Stanley at a shoe repair shop, and is amused when he refuses to sign a ledger in exchange for his shoes. Another day, Stanley runs into Iris at the bus stop and offers her a ride home on his bicycle. On the way to Iris’s house, Stanley reveals that he lives with his father, has never been married, and spends most of his time alone. The next time he sees Iris, Stanley, who works at the bakery’s cafeteria, serves her extra potatoes. The two run into each other again at a laundromat, and Stanley suggests they eat Chinese takeout from the restaurant next ...
In a small New England town, Iris King’s purse is stolen on her bus ride home from work. Iris chases the thief while Stanley Cox, another bus rider, follows. In an alley, Stanley comes to Iris’s aid as the thief escapes. Iris complains that she just lost her paycheck, but Stanley argues that she should not have risked her safety over money. Stanley recognizes Iris from the bakery where they both work, but she admits she never noticed him before. That night, Iris serves dinner to her two children, Richard and Kelly; her sister, Sharon; and Sharon’s boyfriend, Joe. Although Sharon claims she has no money to contribute to the household, she angrily accuses Joe of stealing her secret stash of cash when she sees him drinking beer. Joe slaps Sharon’s face, and Jane sends Richard and Kelly outside. Later, while recalling Iris’s devotion to her late husband, George, Joe remarks that he chose the wrong sister. At the bakery, Iris works on an assembly line, adding whipped cream to cakes. That evening, she runs into Stanley at a shoe repair shop, and is amused when he refuses to sign a ledger in exchange for his shoes. Another day, Stanley runs into Iris at the bus stop and offers her a ride home on his bicycle. On the way to Iris’s house, Stanley reveals that he lives with his father, has never been married, and spends most of his time alone. The next time he sees Iris, Stanley, who works at the bakery’s cafeteria, serves her extra potatoes. The two run into each other again at a laundromat, and Stanley suggests they eat Chinese takeout from the restaurant next door. As they share a meal outside, Iris explains that her husband died eight months before, but his life insurance company dropped him, so she received no money when he died. Iris says she would love to go to Boston, Massachusetts, and stay at a nice hotel, and Stanley replies that he prefers the countryside, describing a six-day camping trip he once took alone to the Grand Canyon. Stanley confesses that he watches Iris because she stands out, but the conversation ends abruptly when she asks him to read his fortune cookie. One day at the canteen, Iris asks Stanley for the bottle of Tylenol behind the counter. Unable to read the labels on various medicine bottles, Stanley offers her the wrong pills and Iris deduces that he is illiterate. Stanley’s boss appears and reprimands Stanley for lost inventory, but Iris defends her friend by announcing that Stanley cannot read or write. After work, Iris follows Stanley to a bar and defends her actions, saying that he was headed for trouble. She asks why he does not do something about his illiteracy, and he storms out. Stanley is fired from the bakery. He takes menial day jobs to make money but is forced to admit his father to a state-run retirement home after losing his apartment. Meanwhile, Iris discovers that her teenaged daughter Kelly is pregnant and warns the girl that having a baby is a serious responsibility. Soon after, Stanley is devastated to learn that his father has passed away. He nervously approaches Iris outside the bakery and asks if she will teach him to read. She agrees and they begin working together. One night, Stanley shows up at Iris’s house drunk, and she asks him how he got by in school without learning to read. Stanley explains that he moved around a lot with his father and kept a low profile as a student. During one of their lessons, Iris receives a phone call from a man asking her on a date, which Stanley overhears. Iris rejects the offer, and, after she hangs up, Stanley inquires about her dating life, which she admits is nonexistent. Stanley later takes Richard for a walk and commiserates with the boy, revealing that he recently lost his father. Richard responds that his father was sick for a very long time. Iris becomes irritated during one of Stanley’s lessons because he did not do his homework. She admits to being sexually frustrated, and Stanley confesses that he has wanted to make love to her since he first saw her. Iris remarks that Stanley would need to take a blood test first, and he agrees, then offers to do her ironing so she can rest. Stanley gets a job as a short order cook and studies while he works. One day, Iris tests Stanley's progress by giving him a street map and instructing him to meet her at a specific street corner. Unable to decipher the map, Stanley throws it away in frustration and refuses to speak to Iris once he finds her. Sometime later, Iris and Richard encounter Stanley at the park, but he says she will not be seeing him again. Iris seeks out the garage where Stanley lives. She suggests Stanley find another teacher, but he insists that reading was too hard for him. Noticing a large contraption that Stanley is working on, she discovers that he has invented a machine that rapidly cools cakes. Stanley comments that his illiteracy has allowed him plenty of time to invent things. They begin seeing each other again for reading lessons, and when Kelly goes into labor, Stanley joins Iris in the hospital waiting room. Sometime later, Stanley cooks dinner for Iris’s family as Kelly tends to her baby. Noticing that Stanley’s jacket is frayed, Iris offers him her husband’s jackets, and he accepts but reminds her that he is a different man. Expressing his desire for her, Stanley vows to spark a romance with Iris by spending time and money on her. One day, Kelly joins Iris on the assembly line at the bakery, and Iris warns her daughter that the job will lead nowhere. When Iris and Stanley finally make love, Iris cries and he leaves in frustration. Sometime later, Stanley paces outside the house and Iris invites him in. She shows him a letter she wrote during their separation, and Stanley reads it aloud. Iris is amazed by his progress, and they go to the library, where he proudly reads aloud from several books, disturbing the other patrons. He takes Iris to celebrate at a hotel in Boston, where he proclaims his love. A company in Detroit, Michigan, hires Stanley to work as an engineer after taking an interest in his cake-cooling device. Stanley tells Iris that the company will help him obtain a patent, and promises to write her letters while he is away. Iris receives frequent letters from Stanley, who returns unexpectedly one night and asks her and her family to move into a six-bedroom house he just bought in Detroit. Overjoyed, Iris reminds Stanley that her family is a demanding group before accepting his invitation.
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