Final Approach (1991)

R | 100 mins | Science fiction | 4 December 1991

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HISTORY

       Final Approach was the first feature film to use digital sound processes at every stage, from recording through mixing and mastering. Sound editors used computers, rather than analog mag film, to cut and arrange sound effects, Foley, and ADR.
       Stahl’s interest in digital audio extended to distribution and exhibition. He planned to present the picture in Cinema Digital Sound (CDS), a new digital exhibition format offered by Eastman Kodak Company and Optical Radiation Corporation. According to a CDS promotional brochure, the system “optically encodes digital sound on a sound negative and decodes the soundtrack through a modified theater projector.” Kodak supplied the requisite “sound negative film.” A 30 May 1991 LAT article clarified that the “digital track” was printed directly on the film, in the location where the analog sound signal normally sat. When played back through a digital system, the resulting audio had the same fidelity as the original master soundtrack. In addition, CDS allowed for an encoded six-track stereo track on 35mm film. As noted in a 29 Jul 1991 Var article, six-track split-surround sound was, prior to the introduction of CDS, only available on 70mm magnetic-striped prints. With CDS, filmmakers could save money and still acquire immersive, high-quality audio: Six-track 35mm CDS prints cost $2,000, while 70mm prints cost upwards of $7,000.
       As excited as Stahl was about the potential of digital distribution, CDS required theaters to upgrade their equipment at a cost of around $20,000, according to the LAT. HR predicted that Final Approach would be shown in Dolby SR Analog in many locations. However, on 6 May 1991, Var ...

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       Final Approach was the first feature film to use digital sound processes at every stage, from recording through mixing and mastering. Sound editors used computers, rather than analog mag film, to cut and arrange sound effects, Foley, and ADR.
       Stahl’s interest in digital audio extended to distribution and exhibition. He planned to present the picture in Cinema Digital Sound (CDS), a new digital exhibition format offered by Eastman Kodak Company and Optical Radiation Corporation. According to a CDS promotional brochure, the system “optically encodes digital sound on a sound negative and decodes the soundtrack through a modified theater projector.” Kodak supplied the requisite “sound negative film.” A 30 May 1991 LAT article clarified that the “digital track” was printed directly on the film, in the location where the analog sound signal normally sat. When played back through a digital system, the resulting audio had the same fidelity as the original master soundtrack. In addition, CDS allowed for an encoded six-track stereo track on 35mm film. As noted in a 29 Jul 1991 Var article, six-track split-surround sound was, prior to the introduction of CDS, only available on 70mm magnetic-striped prints. With CDS, filmmakers could save money and still acquire immersive, high-quality audio: Six-track 35mm CDS prints cost $2,000, while 70mm prints cost upwards of $7,000.
       As excited as Stahl was about the potential of digital distribution, CDS required theaters to upgrade their equipment at a cost of around $20,000, according to the LAT. HR predicted that Final Approach would be shown in Dolby SR Analog in many locations. However, on 6 May 1991, Var reported that the Bouri Theater at the Cannes Film Festival had been outfitted with the Cinema Digital Sound system, and the picture premiered there on 13 May 1991. The film marked Stahl’s directorial debut. Six months later, a 27 Nov 1991 DV news item announced that Final Approach would open 4 Dec 1991 in Los Angeles. The weeklong run at the UA Coronet in Westwood allowed the movie to qualify for Academy Awards consideration. Trimark Pictures acquired domestic distribution rights to the $13 million picture, which received widespread theatrical release in Mar 1992. Critical reception was mixed. LAT and HR reviews of 4 Dec 1991 claimed the CDS system provided “rich wraparound sound” and “startling clarity.” However, the critics faulted the story for its plot-less predictability. The 13 Mar 1992 NYT dismissed the computer-animated visual effects as “slick, superfluous filler.”
       End credits include numerous technical equipment acknowledgements: “Digital mastering tapes, DATs and video stock provided by BASF Magnetic Tape Division; Field & studio DAT recorders and mixing console provided by Panasonic/RAMSA Professional Audio Group, Panasonic Communications & Systems Company; Recorded and edited entirely in the digital domain with New England Digital equipment; Synclavier 9600 and Direct-to-Disk® System provided by New England Digital; Digital synthesizers and samplers provided by Roland Corporation US.”
       End credits continue with a variety of production credit acknowledgements: “Lighting and grip equipment provided by Keylite Production Services Inc.; Digital slates provided by Denecke Electronics; FGV Panther Dolly provided by FGV Panther; Construction materials provided by True Value Hardware; Glass blocks provided by Pittsburgh Corning; Commercial carpeting provided by Bentley Mills; Marble polishing by Battaglia Marble, Harbor City, CA; Wedding gowns provided by Eve of Milady; Police lights provided by Federal Signal; Ray Ban sunglasses provided by Bausch & Lomb; Fluorescent colors provided by Day-Glo Color Corp.; Laminated materials provided by Formica Corporation; Donuts provided by Donut Inn; Television monitors provided by The Proton Corporation; Polyester sculptures by Fred Eversley.”
       End credits list additional audio and sound equipment credits: “Editing equipment provided by Eagle Eye Film Company; Dialogue digitally edited on AudiflexTM; ADR and Foley digitally recorded at Larson Sound Center; Digital multi-track recording equipment provided by CMS Digital, Inc.; Optical storage media provided by Laser Magnetic Storage International; Rewritable optical disk media & digital tape cartridges provided by 3M; Digital outboard interfacing from Livingstone Audio; Digital outboard interfacing from Time Line, Inc.; Additional 3348 Digital Multi-Track provided by Sony; Emulator III from E-mu Systems; Digital mixing console and synthesizers provided by Yamaha; EEG footage shot at UCLA EEG Lab, Dee Quinonez R. EED/EPT., Walt Bancozi.” However, the medical designation of electroencephalographic technologist Dee Quinonez is incorrect; the credit should read: “Dee Quinonez R. EEG/EPT.”
       End credits include the following acknowledgements: “The producers wish to thank: Denny Kelly; Beverly and Bruce Gladstone; Pat Johnston; Vons; Howard Anderson, Jr.; Peter Marcus; Stephen J. Woolley; Ron Perryman, AMPRO; Duane Laginess, Mel Brown Furniture; Larry Waterman; Blue Lustre™; Magee Audio Engineering; True Value Hardware; Gene Shiveley; Roger J. Huybrechts, Ing., AGFA Corporation; National Epilepsy Society of Los Angeles; Angel Banos, Gold’s Gym, North Hollywood, California,” and, “Special thanks to the: United States Airforce Strategic Air Command’s 9th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing and Lockheed.”
       End credits also acknowledge: “Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Universe used by permission, Pocket Books/Simon & Schuster; Rip Van Winkle used by permission, William Morrow & Company; Computational Fluid Dynamic Graphics courtesy of NASA Ames Research Center; CAD Graphics copyright © 1988 Digital Equipment Corporation, all rights reserved, used with permission.”
       The last name of actor Hank Garrett is misspelled “Garret” in end credits.
      In a Mar 1992 Theater Crafts interview, producer-director Eric Steven Stahl recalled that Final Approach was written to showcase new advances in digital sound post-production technology. Although very little information was published about the actual production, end credits indicate that the picture was: “Filmed at South Bay Studios, Carson, California, and on location in Monument Valley, Arizona.” Principal photography was likely completed prior to early 1990, at which point an unusually large crew of sixty sound editors began work. In a 26 Nov 1990 HR article, Stahl said the movie’s sound design comprised 18,000 individual sound effects, most of which were created “from scratch” using a digital audio tape (DAT) recorder.

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GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONS
SOURCE CITATIONS
SOURCE
DATE
PAGE
Daily Variety
27 Nov 1991
---
Daily Variety
6 Dec 1991
---
Hollywood Reporter
26 Nov 1990
p. 1, 22
Hollywood Reporter
4 Dec 1991
p. 5, 23
Los Angeles Times
30 May 1991
Section F, p. 3
Los Angeles Times
4 Dec 1991
Calendar, p. 3
LA Weekly
20 Mar 1992
---
New York Times
13 Mar 1992
Section C, p. 8
Reader
20 Mar 1992
---
Theater Crafts
Mar 1992
---
Variety
6 May 1991
---
Variety
17 Jun 1991
p. 68
Variety
29 Jul 1991
p. 1, 48
CAST
PRODUCTION CREDITS
NAME
PARENT COMPANY
PRODUCTION COMPANY
PRODUCTION TEXTS
Filmquest Pictures presents
an Eric Steven Stahl film
DISTRIBUTION COMPANY
NAME
CREDITED AS
CREDIT
DIRECTORS
Prod mgr
Prod mgr
1st asst dir
2d asst dir
1st asst dir, 2d unit
2d asst dir, 2d unit
2d asst dir, 2d unit
Dir, SR-71 aerial unit
PRODUCERS
Prod, SR-71 aerial unit
PHOTOGRAPHY
Dir of photog
1st asst cam
1st asst cam
1st asst cam
1st asst cam
1st asst cam
2d asst cam/Still photog/Video assist op/1st cam a
2d asst cam
Still photog
Still photog
Gaffer
Key grip
Best boy elec
Best boy elec
Best boy elec
Swing grip
Best boy grip
Grip elec
Grip elec
Grip elec
Grip elec
Grip elec
Grip elec
Grip elec
Dolly grip
Dolly grip
Dolly grip
Dolly grip
Generator op
Dir of photog, 2d unit
2d cam asst, 2d unit
2d cam asst, 2d unit
Gaffer, 2d unit
Swing grip, 2d unit
Dolly grip, 2d unit
Grip, 2d unit
Grip, 2d unit
Cam car rigging grip, 2d unit
Dir of photog, 3d unit
Asst cam op, 3d unit
Cam op (Astrovision jet aerials), 3d unit
Astrovision cam asst, 3d unit
Cam op (Vistavision jet aerials), 3d unit
Underwater photog, 3d unit
Underwater photog, 3d unit
Underwater cam asst, 3d unit
Ultra high speed photog, 3d unit
Ultra high speed cam asst, 3d unit
Cine/Cam op, SR-71 aerial unit
Lighting dir, SR-71 aerial unit
Lighting dir, SR-71 aerial unit
Cam op, SR-71 aerial unit
Cam op, SR-71 aerial unit
Cam op, SR-71 aerial unit
Astrovision cam op, SR-71 aerial unit
ART DIRECTORS
Prod des
Asst prod des
Asst to the prod des
Asst to the prod des
Art dir, 2d unit
FILM EDITORS
Film ed
Assoc ed (Assembly)
2d asst ed
Negative cutter
Negative cutter
Negative cutter
SET DECORATORS
Set dresser
Const supv
Supv carpenter
Carpenter
Carpenter
Carpenter
Carpenter
Carpenter
Carpenter
Carpenter
Carpenter
Draftsman
Set dresser, 2d unit
COSTUMES
Cost des
Costumer
Asst costumer
Cost maker
Cost maker
Ward person, 2d unit
MUSIC
Mus/Mus cond by
Addl mus by
SOUND
Digital prod sd mixer
Digital prod sd mixer
Digital prod sd mixer
Digital post-prod sd supv, Filmquest Digital Sound
Supv sd ed/Sd ed
Sd ed
Sd ed
Sd ed
Sd ed
Sd ed
Sd ed
Addl sd eff
Addl sd eff
Addl sd eff
Digital audio consultant
Digital audio consultant
EFX Systems synclavist
Digital sd eff prelay eng/Re-rec mixer
Digital dial and ADR ed
ADR mixer
Foley ed
Foley artist
Foley artist
Foley mixer
Re-rec mixer
Re-rec mixer
Re-rec mixer
Asst re-rec mixer
Re-rec synclavist
Re-rec project supv
Mus scoring mixer
Mus scoring 2d eng
Mus rec eng
CDS tech consultant
Digital re-rec by
Tech adv, EFX Systems
VISUAL EFFECTS
Main title and opt eff des by
Exec in charge of prod, Filmquest Visual Effects G
Computer-generated avionics
Opticals by
Opticals by/Title compositing
Visual eff prod (Apogee)
Opt cam op (Apogee)
Opt cam op (Apogee)
Opt lineup
Spec eff anim
Opt photog supv (CRC)
Video eff and post-prod
Storyboard artist
Airbrush artist
Main title graphic artist
Main title computer graphic artist
Typesetting by
Typesetting by
Super computing graphics unit
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Principal investigator, Super computing graphics u
Investigator, Super computing graphics unit
Research scientist, Super computing graphics unit
Graphics programmer, Super computing graphics unit
Research scientist, Super computing graphics unit
Graduate research scientist, Super computing graph
Graphics programmer, Super computing graphics unit
Visualization artist, Super computing graphics uni
Investigator, Super computing graphics unit
Investigator, Super computing graphics unit
Investigator, Super computing graphics unit
Co-investigator, Super computing graphics unit
Principal investigator, Super computing graphics u
Investigator, Super computing graphics unit
Investigator, Super computing graphics unit
Investigator, Super computing graphics unit
Investigator, Super computing graphics unit
Investigator, Super computing graphics unit
Senior investigator, Super computing graphics unit
Investigator, Super computing graphics unit
Scientific principal investigator, Super computing
DANCE
Choreog, 2d unit
MAKEUP
Key makeup artist
Makeup for Ms. Kneuer, 2d unit
PRODUCTION MISC
Casting
Casting
Scr supv
Prod coord
Prod coord
Asst to Mr. Stahl
Asst to Mr. Stahl
Prod exec
Prod exec
Prod asst
Prod asst
Prod asst
Prod asst
Prod asst
Prod asst
Caterer
Scr supv, 2d unit
Scr supv, 2d unit
Prod asst, 2d unit
Prod asst, 2d unit
Prod asst, 2d unit
Prod asst, 2d unit
Prod asst, 2d unit
Prod asst, 2d unit
Accounting firm
Prod accountant
Aviation consultant
Neuroradiology consultant
Psychiatry consultant
Psychology consultant
Internal medicine consultant
STAND INS
Jet aerials pilot, 3d unit
Helicopter aerials pilot, 3d unit
Lear jet pilot, 3d unit
Lear jet pilot, 3d unit
Lear jet pilot, 3d unit
SR-71 pilot, SR-71 aerial unit
SR-71 pilot, SR-71 aerial unit
SR-71 pilot, SR-71 aerial unit
SR-71 pilot, SR-71 aerial unit
SR-71 pilot, SR-71 aerial unit
COLOR PERSONNEL
Col timer
Col by
DETAILS
Release Date:
4 December 1991
Premiere Information:
Cannes Film Festival premiere: 13 May 1991; Los Angeles opening: 4 Dec 1991; New York opening: week of 13 Mar 1992
Production Date:
early 1990
Copyright Info
Claimant
Date
Copyright Number
Filmquest Pictures Corporation
16 May 1991
PA527801
Physical Properties:
Sound
Cinema Digital Sound™
Sound
In Analog released in Spectral Recording Dolby Stereo in selected theatres
Color
Filmed on AGFA XT color negative
Widescreen/ratio
2.35:1
Lenses
Filmed in Panavision®
Duration(in mins):
100
MPAA Rating:
R
Country:
United States
Language:
English
PCA No:
31120
SYNOPSIS

An SR-71 stealth aircraft soars over the Nevada desert at low altitude. U.S. Air Force pilot Colonel Jason Halsey and his co-pilot, Tommy, run routine systems checks, communicating with mission command and admiring the aircraft’s ability to evade radar detection. They are startled by a flash of lighting, but continue their mission. Moments later, the aircraft computer announces an engine fire, and Colonel Halsey attempts to land in the desert. However, the emergency evacuation system ejects the two pilots from the plane. Sometime later, Colonel Halsey visits psychiatrist Dr. Dio Gottlieb. The upbeat doctor asks Jason what he thinks of “Heaven and Hell,” a painting hanging over his desk. Surprised at hearing his name, Jason cannot remember recent events. Dr. Gottlieb asks him to think of significant incidents from his life, but Jason remains bewildered. They play a word association game, and Jason experiences fleeting impressions of the stealth aircraft. Dr. Gottlieb shows Jason a series of Rorschach inkblots, and the skeptical pilot plays along, describing the ambiguous designs as a human brain, a broken egg, and an aircraft. However, the exercise causes him distress, and he accuses Dr. Gottlieb of playing tricks on him, before he wreaks havoc in the office. Suddenly, Jason decides he is dreaming, and reclines in satisfaction on the doctor’s couch. He closes his eyes and his mind drifts between two memories. In one, an army general explains top-secret aircraft specifications. In the other, intravenous tubes inject brightly colored fluids. When Jason comes to, Dr. Gottlieb asks the pilot to help tidy up the office. Frustrated to learn he is actually “awake,” Jason asks if he underwent a lobotomy. Dr. Gottlieb offers the anxious ...

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An SR-71 stealth aircraft soars over the Nevada desert at low altitude. U.S. Air Force pilot Colonel Jason Halsey and his co-pilot, Tommy, run routine systems checks, communicating with mission command and admiring the aircraft’s ability to evade radar detection. They are startled by a flash of lighting, but continue their mission. Moments later, the aircraft computer announces an engine fire, and Colonel Halsey attempts to land in the desert. However, the emergency evacuation system ejects the two pilots from the plane. Sometime later, Colonel Halsey visits psychiatrist Dr. Dio Gottlieb. The upbeat doctor asks Jason what he thinks of “Heaven and Hell,” a painting hanging over his desk. Surprised at hearing his name, Jason cannot remember recent events. Dr. Gottlieb asks him to think of significant incidents from his life, but Jason remains bewildered. They play a word association game, and Jason experiences fleeting impressions of the stealth aircraft. Dr. Gottlieb shows Jason a series of Rorschach inkblots, and the skeptical pilot plays along, describing the ambiguous designs as a human brain, a broken egg, and an aircraft. However, the exercise causes him distress, and he accuses Dr. Gottlieb of playing tricks on him, before he wreaks havoc in the office. Suddenly, Jason decides he is dreaming, and reclines in satisfaction on the doctor’s couch. He closes his eyes and his mind drifts between two memories. In one, an army general explains top-secret aircraft specifications. In the other, intravenous tubes inject brightly colored fluids. When Jason comes to, Dr. Gottlieb asks the pilot to help tidy up the office. Frustrated to learn he is actually “awake,” Jason asks if he underwent a lobotomy. Dr. Gottlieb offers the anxious man an apple and expresses curiosity about Jason’s responses to the inkblot test. They look at the image Jason described as a “tree,” and the pilot recalls playing on a tire swing as a boy. Longing to touch the sky, he once collided head-on with the tree. The accident, which may have caused brain damage, made him prone to occasional seizures. This revelation excites the doctor, but Jason insists the post-traumatic affects he suffered were minor. He may have had hallucinations, but never experienced an incapacitating physical seizure. Dr. Gottlieb asks Jason to study another image. The pilot reminisces about being a reckless, fearless teenager, when all he wanted to do was drive fast cars, motorcycles, and small airplanes. He reluctantly shares with Dr. Gottlieb that he survived a high-speed car accident when he was twenty years old. The doctor nods and asks about airplanes. Jason enthuses about the SR-71. As he envisions the sleek aircraft preparing for flight, he recalls two marriage ceremonies. The second, to a brunette named Casey, leads to her tearfully insisting she cannot live up to the memory of Jason’s first wife, Brooke. Dr. Gottlieb asks the ashen-faced Jason if he is all right. Jason hears only the women’s overlapping voices, as each demands to know the truth about his secret missions. Dr. Gottlieb watches Jason fall from his chair and writhe on the floor. Drenched in sweat, Jason awakens in bed with his wife, Casey, who comforts him. She tells him to take a bath while she makes tea. The screeching teakettle causes Jason to regain consciousness in Dr. Gottlieb’s office. The doctor attempts to relax his patient through hypnosis, coaxing the pilot to reveal details about his missions. Jason confesses that the anti-radar aircraft he flew were not new planes, but out-of-service models fitted with exterior “skins.” He tells the story of his recent mission: He and his co-pilot depart from a base in Albuquerque, New Mexico, climbing to the outer limit of Earth’s atmosphere. After the descent, they fly over the Nevada desert, where they go “off radar” to test the aircraft’s stealth capabilities. Lightning strikes, and moments later, the pilots eject. Jason awakens from hypnosis and deduces that the doctor is a spy. He lunges at the man, trying to choke him, but Dr. Gottlieb maintains he is merely a psychiatrist trying to help Jason recover his memory. He invites the pilot to have some food and wine, and asks if Jason believes in God. Jason asks what God has to do with anything. An exasperated Dr. Gottlieb suggests Jason contemplate the word “life,” and the pilot recalls his final moments, after evacuating the stealth aircraft, when rescuers pronounced him dead. Stunned by the realization, Jason walks out of Dr. Gottlieb’s office. When the elevator doors open, he steps into a bright white light.

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Legend
Viewed by AFI
Partially Viewed
Offscreen Credit
Name Occurs Before Title
AFI Life Achievement Award

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