Final Approach
(1991)
R | 100 mins | Science fiction | 4 December 1991
Directors:
Eric Steven Stahl, Robert Lee MehnertWriters:
Eric Steven Stahl, Gerald LaurenceProducer:
Eric Steven StahlCinematographer:
Eric GoldsteinEditor:
Stefan KutProduction Designer:
Ralph E. StevicProduction Company:
Filmquest Pictures
Final Approach was the first feature film to use digital sound processes at every stage, from recording through mixing and mastering. Sound editors used computers, rather than analog mag film, to cut and arrange sound effects, Foley, and ADR.
Stahl’s interest in digital audio extended to distribution and exhibition. He planned to present the picture in Cinema Digital Sound (CDS), a new digital exhibition format offered by Eastman Kodak Company and Optical Radiation Corporation. According to a CDS promotional brochure, the system “optically encodes digital sound on a sound negative and decodes the soundtrack through a modified theater projector.” Kodak supplied the requisite “sound negative film.” A 30 May 1991 LAT article clarified that the “digital track” was printed directly on the film, in the location where the analog sound signal normally sat. When played back through a digital system, the resulting audio had the same fidelity as the original master soundtrack. In addition, CDS allowed for an encoded six-track stereo track on 35mm film. As noted in a 29 Jul 1991 Var article, six-track split-surround sound was, prior to the introduction of CDS, only available on 70mm magnetic-striped prints. With CDS, filmmakers could save money and still acquire immersive, high-quality audio: Six-track 35mm CDS prints cost $2,000, while 70mm prints cost upwards of $7,000.
As excited as Stahl was about the potential of digital distribution, CDS required theaters to upgrade their equipment at a cost of around $20,000, according to the LAT. HR predicted that Final Approach would be shown in Dolby SR Analog in many locations. However, on 6 May 1991, Var ...
Final Approach was the first feature film to use digital sound processes at every stage, from recording through mixing and mastering. Sound editors used computers, rather than analog mag film, to cut and arrange sound effects, Foley, and ADR.
Stahl’s interest in digital audio extended to distribution and exhibition. He planned to present the picture in Cinema Digital Sound (CDS), a new digital exhibition format offered by Eastman Kodak Company and Optical Radiation Corporation. According to a CDS promotional brochure, the system “optically encodes digital sound on a sound negative and decodes the soundtrack through a modified theater projector.” Kodak supplied the requisite “sound negative film.” A 30 May 1991 LAT article clarified that the “digital track” was printed directly on the film, in the location where the analog sound signal normally sat. When played back through a digital system, the resulting audio had the same fidelity as the original master soundtrack. In addition, CDS allowed for an encoded six-track stereo track on 35mm film. As noted in a 29 Jul 1991 Var article, six-track split-surround sound was, prior to the introduction of CDS, only available on 70mm magnetic-striped prints. With CDS, filmmakers could save money and still acquire immersive, high-quality audio: Six-track 35mm CDS prints cost $2,000, while 70mm prints cost upwards of $7,000.
As excited as Stahl was about the potential of digital distribution, CDS required theaters to upgrade their equipment at a cost of around $20,000, according to the LAT. HR predicted that Final Approach would be shown in Dolby SR Analog in many locations. However, on 6 May 1991, Var reported that the Bouri Theater at the Cannes Film Festival had been outfitted with the Cinema Digital Sound system, and the picture premiered there on 13 May 1991. The film marked Stahl’s directorial debut. Six months later, a 27 Nov 1991 DV news item announced that Final Approach would open 4 Dec 1991 in Los Angeles. The weeklong run at the UA Coronet in Westwood allowed the movie to qualify for Academy Awards consideration. Trimark Pictures acquired domestic distribution rights to the $13 million picture, which received widespread theatrical release in Mar 1992. Critical reception was mixed. LAT and HR reviews of 4 Dec 1991 claimed the CDS system provided “rich wraparound sound” and “startling clarity.” However, the critics faulted the story for its plot-less predictability. The 13 Mar 1992 NYT dismissed the computer-animated visual effects as “slick, superfluous filler.”
End credits include numerous technical equipment acknowledgements: “Digital mastering tapes, DATs and video stock provided by BASF Magnetic Tape Division; Field & studio DAT recorders and mixing console provided by Panasonic/RAMSA Professional Audio Group, Panasonic Communications & Systems Company; Recorded and edited entirely in the digital domain with New England Digital equipment; Synclavier 9600 and Direct-to-Disk® System provided by New England Digital; Digital synthesizers and samplers provided by Roland Corporation US.”
End credits continue with a variety of production credit acknowledgements: “Lighting and grip equipment provided by Keylite Production Services Inc.; Digital slates provided by Denecke Electronics; FGV Panther Dolly provided by FGV Panther; Construction materials provided by True Value Hardware; Glass blocks provided by Pittsburgh Corning; Commercial carpeting provided by Bentley Mills; Marble polishing by Battaglia Marble, Harbor City, CA; Wedding gowns provided by Eve of Milady; Police lights provided by Federal Signal; Ray Ban sunglasses provided by Bausch & Lomb; Fluorescent colors provided by Day-Glo Color Corp.; Laminated materials provided by Formica Corporation; Donuts provided by Donut Inn; Television monitors provided by The Proton Corporation; Polyester sculptures by Fred Eversley.”
End credits list additional audio and sound equipment credits: “Editing equipment provided by Eagle Eye Film Company; Dialogue digitally edited on AudiflexTM; ADR and Foley digitally recorded at Larson Sound Center; Digital multi-track recording equipment provided by CMS Digital, Inc.; Optical storage media provided by Laser Magnetic Storage International; Rewritable optical disk media & digital tape cartridges provided by 3M; Digital outboard interfacing from Livingstone Audio; Digital outboard interfacing from Time Line, Inc.; Additional 3348 Digital Multi-Track provided by Sony; Emulator III from E-mu Systems; Digital mixing console and synthesizers provided by Yamaha; EEG footage shot at UCLA EEG Lab, Dee Quinonez R. EED/EPT., Walt Bancozi.” However, the medical designation of electroencephalographic technologist Dee Quinonez is incorrect; the credit should read: “Dee Quinonez R. EEG/EPT.”
End credits include the following acknowledgements: “The producers wish to thank: Denny Kelly; Beverly and Bruce Gladstone; Pat Johnston; Vons; Howard Anderson, Jr.; Peter Marcus; Stephen J. Woolley; Ron Perryman, AMPRO; Duane Laginess, Mel Brown Furniture; Larry Waterman; Blue Lustre™; Magee Audio Engineering; True Value Hardware; Gene Shiveley; Roger J. Huybrechts, Ing., AGFA Corporation; National Epilepsy Society of Los Angeles; Angel Banos, Gold’s Gym, North Hollywood, California,” and, “Special thanks to the: United States Airforce Strategic Air Command’s 9th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing and Lockheed.”
End credits also acknowledge: “Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Universe used by permission, Pocket Books/Simon & Schuster; Rip Van Winkle used by permission, William Morrow & Company; Computational Fluid Dynamic Graphics courtesy of NASA Ames Research Center; CAD Graphics copyright © 1988 Digital Equipment Corporation, all rights reserved, used with permission.”
The last name of actor Hank Garrett is misspelled “Garret” in end credits.
In a Mar 1992 Theater Crafts interview, producer-director Eric Steven Stahl recalled that Final Approach was written to showcase new advances in digital sound post-production technology. Although very little information was published about the actual production, end credits indicate that the picture was: “Filmed at South Bay Studios, Carson, California, and on location in Monument Valley, Arizona.” Principal photography was likely completed prior to early 1990, at which point an unusually large crew of sixty sound editors began work. In a 26 Nov 1990 HR article, Stahl said the movie’s sound design comprised 18,000 individual sound effects, most of which were created “from scratch” using a digital audio tape (DAT) recorder.
An SR-71 stealth aircraft soars over the Nevada desert at low altitude. U.S. Air Force pilot Colonel Jason Halsey and his co-pilot, Tommy, run routine systems checks, communicating with mission command and admiring the aircraft’s ability to evade radar detection. They are startled by a flash of lighting, but continue their mission. Moments later, the aircraft computer announces an engine fire, and Colonel Halsey attempts to land in the desert. However, the emergency evacuation system ejects the two pilots from the plane. Sometime later, Colonel Halsey visits psychiatrist Dr. Dio Gottlieb. The upbeat doctor asks Jason what he thinks of “Heaven and Hell,” a painting hanging over his desk. Surprised at hearing his name, Jason cannot remember recent events. Dr. Gottlieb asks him to think of significant incidents from his life, but Jason remains bewildered. They play a word association game, and Jason experiences fleeting impressions of the stealth aircraft. Dr. Gottlieb shows Jason a series of Rorschach inkblots, and the skeptical pilot plays along, describing the ambiguous designs as a human brain, a broken egg, and an aircraft. However, the exercise causes him distress, and he accuses Dr. Gottlieb of playing tricks on him, before he wreaks havoc in the office. Suddenly, Jason decides he is dreaming, and reclines in satisfaction on the doctor’s couch. He closes his eyes and his mind drifts between two memories. In one, an army general explains top-secret aircraft specifications. In the other, intravenous tubes inject brightly colored fluids. When Jason comes to, Dr. Gottlieb asks the pilot to help tidy up the office. Frustrated to learn he is actually “awake,” Jason asks if he underwent a lobotomy. Dr. Gottlieb offers the anxious ...
An SR-71 stealth aircraft soars over the Nevada desert at low altitude. U.S. Air Force pilot Colonel Jason Halsey and his co-pilot, Tommy, run routine systems checks, communicating with mission command and admiring the aircraft’s ability to evade radar detection. They are startled by a flash of lighting, but continue their mission. Moments later, the aircraft computer announces an engine fire, and Colonel Halsey attempts to land in the desert. However, the emergency evacuation system ejects the two pilots from the plane. Sometime later, Colonel Halsey visits psychiatrist Dr. Dio Gottlieb. The upbeat doctor asks Jason what he thinks of “Heaven and Hell,” a painting hanging over his desk. Surprised at hearing his name, Jason cannot remember recent events. Dr. Gottlieb asks him to think of significant incidents from his life, but Jason remains bewildered. They play a word association game, and Jason experiences fleeting impressions of the stealth aircraft. Dr. Gottlieb shows Jason a series of Rorschach inkblots, and the skeptical pilot plays along, describing the ambiguous designs as a human brain, a broken egg, and an aircraft. However, the exercise causes him distress, and he accuses Dr. Gottlieb of playing tricks on him, before he wreaks havoc in the office. Suddenly, Jason decides he is dreaming, and reclines in satisfaction on the doctor’s couch. He closes his eyes and his mind drifts between two memories. In one, an army general explains top-secret aircraft specifications. In the other, intravenous tubes inject brightly colored fluids. When Jason comes to, Dr. Gottlieb asks the pilot to help tidy up the office. Frustrated to learn he is actually “awake,” Jason asks if he underwent a lobotomy. Dr. Gottlieb offers the anxious man an apple and expresses curiosity about Jason’s responses to the inkblot test. They look at the image Jason described as a “tree,” and the pilot recalls playing on a tire swing as a boy. Longing to touch the sky, he once collided head-on with the tree. The accident, which may have caused brain damage, made him prone to occasional seizures. This revelation excites the doctor, but Jason insists the post-traumatic affects he suffered were minor. He may have had hallucinations, but never experienced an incapacitating physical seizure. Dr. Gottlieb asks Jason to study another image. The pilot reminisces about being a reckless, fearless teenager, when all he wanted to do was drive fast cars, motorcycles, and small airplanes. He reluctantly shares with Dr. Gottlieb that he survived a high-speed car accident when he was twenty years old. The doctor nods and asks about airplanes. Jason enthuses about the SR-71. As he envisions the sleek aircraft preparing for flight, he recalls two marriage ceremonies. The second, to a brunette named Casey, leads to her tearfully insisting she cannot live up to the memory of Jason’s first wife, Brooke. Dr. Gottlieb asks the ashen-faced Jason if he is all right. Jason hears only the women’s overlapping voices, as each demands to know the truth about his secret missions. Dr. Gottlieb watches Jason fall from his chair and writhe on the floor. Drenched in sweat, Jason awakens in bed with his wife, Casey, who comforts him. She tells him to take a bath while she makes tea. The screeching teakettle causes Jason to regain consciousness in Dr. Gottlieb’s office. The doctor attempts to relax his patient through hypnosis, coaxing the pilot to reveal details about his missions. Jason confesses that the anti-radar aircraft he flew were not new planes, but out-of-service models fitted with exterior “skins.” He tells the story of his recent mission: He and his co-pilot depart from a base in Albuquerque, New Mexico, climbing to the outer limit of Earth’s atmosphere. After the descent, they fly over the Nevada desert, where they go “off radar” to test the aircraft’s stealth capabilities. Lightning strikes, and moments later, the pilots eject. Jason awakens from hypnosis and deduces that the doctor is a spy. He lunges at the man, trying to choke him, but Dr. Gottlieb maintains he is merely a psychiatrist trying to help Jason recover his memory. He invites the pilot to have some food and wine, and asks if Jason believes in God. Jason asks what God has to do with anything. An exasperated Dr. Gottlieb suggests Jason contemplate the word “life,” and the pilot recalls his final moments, after evacuating the stealth aircraft, when rescuers pronounced him dead. Stunned by the realization, Jason walks out of Dr. Gottlieb’s office. When the elevator doors open, he steps into a bright white light.
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