From the Manger to the Cross (1912)

Drama | 14 October 1912

Director:

Sidney Olcott

Producer:

Frank J. Marion

Production Designer:

Henry Allen Farnham

Production Company:

Kalem Co.
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HISTORY

According to a two-page General Film Co. advertisement in the 28 Dec 1912 Moving Picture World, the five-part From the Manger to the Cross was shot "in authentic locations in Palestine and Egypt." A 5,000-feet length was given, although other sources, including an ad in the 28 Dec 1912 Moving Picture World, listed the film at 4700 feet. Still, it has been cited as the first American five-reel film. An advertisement in the 21 Dec 1912 Moving Picture World stated that From the Manger to the Cross was "conceived and adapted by Gene Gauntier" and directed by Sidney Olcott. It cost $100,000 to make, Kalem Co. noted in a 17 May 1913 company ad in Moving Picture World. According to the copyright entry and an advertisement for the film, the full title was From the Manger to the Cross; or Jesus of Nazareth. A heavily-illustrated pre-release review in the 12 Oct 1912 Moving Picture World gave the title as The Life of Christ.
       Actor J. P. McGowan wrote a piece for the Aug 1912 Motion Picture Story Magazine called "From Jerusalem to the Sea of Galilee," in which he described the movie company's two-day journey from Jerusalem to Nazareth and the Sea of Galilee, where scenes were filmed in May 1912. He referred to the film as The Life of Christ. According to McGowan, "Each and every scene in this film is being localized, the traditional and historic spots used whenever possible, and, as the authentic spot for the Calling of the Fishermen was the Lake ...

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According to a two-page General Film Co. advertisement in the 28 Dec 1912 Moving Picture World, the five-part From the Manger to the Cross was shot "in authentic locations in Palestine and Egypt." A 5,000-feet length was given, although other sources, including an ad in the 28 Dec 1912 Moving Picture World, listed the film at 4700 feet. Still, it has been cited as the first American five-reel film. An advertisement in the 21 Dec 1912 Moving Picture World stated that From the Manger to the Cross was "conceived and adapted by Gene Gauntier" and directed by Sidney Olcott. It cost $100,000 to make, Kalem Co. noted in a 17 May 1913 company ad in Moving Picture World. According to the copyright entry and an advertisement for the film, the full title was From the Manger to the Cross; or Jesus of Nazareth. A heavily-illustrated pre-release review in the 12 Oct 1912 Moving Picture World gave the title as The Life of Christ.
       Actor J. P. McGowan wrote a piece for the Aug 1912 Motion Picture Story Magazine called "From Jerusalem to the Sea of Galilee," in which he described the movie company's two-day journey from Jerusalem to Nazareth and the Sea of Galilee, where scenes were filmed in May 1912. He referred to the film as The Life of Christ. According to McGowan, "Each and every scene in this film is being localized, the traditional and historic spots used whenever possible, and, as the authentic spot for the Calling of the Fishermen was the Lake of Galilee, we traveled 224 miles, by wagon and horse, to obtain a few small scenes and thereby established a record in Moving Picture circles." The party consisted of director Sydney Olcott, Gene Gauntier, cameraman George K. Hollister, Robert G. Vignola, Jack J. Clark, Robert Henderson-Bland, Percy Dyer, Sidney Baber, Sterling and Lenox. In Nazareth, McGowan wrote, "Mary's Well, where the Child Jesus and His Mother were once constant frequenters, is still in use, and here we took a scene showing Mary and the Child. There was quite a motley throng around the well, as it is used largely by the natives, and when we had ranged them along the wall, out of sight, and Mary occupied the center of the picture, it formed an exact replica of the many beautiful paintings that are in existence, covering this sacred spot." Later, at the Sea of Galilee, "We took several scenes on the lake and in the mountains surrounding it; had hardly any trouble, and found the natives very wiling and adaptable."
       Louis Heck, the U. S. Consular Representative in Palestine, assisted the company. According to producer Frank J. Marion, the company hired nine or more English players for the films they made in the Middle East, including Robert Henderson-Bland, Percy Dyer, and Montague Sidney. Marion mentioned that the costumes were based on French artist James Joseph Jacques Tissot's Vie de Notre Seigneur, Jesus Christ, a series of 350 watercolors exhibited in 1894. According to NYDM, the temple scenes were designed "in accordance with the great works of Dr. [Conrad] Schick." Most of the titles in the film were quotations from the Bible.
       Modern sources listed the cast as including Helen Lindroth as "Martha," Jack J. Clark as "John," J. P. McGowan as "Andrew," Sidney Baber as "Lazarus," and Montague Sidney as "Joseph." Gene Gauntier and Jack Clark were married in Palestine during the filming. Later, in Dec 1912, director Sidney Olcott and Gauntier left Kalem in Dec 1912 to form the Gene Gauntier Feature Players.
       The film was first screened on 3 Oct 1912 at Queen's Hall in London, England, to an audience of clergy. The U.S. premiere was held at New York City's Wanamaker's Auditorium for an audience of clergy, on 14 Oct 1912. The film's first public exhibition was in Jacksonville, FL, in either Jan or Feb 1913.
       Before the film's release, the Nov 1912 Motion Picture Story Magazine ran a 17-page prose version of From the Manger to the Cross, liberally illustrated with photographs.
       The Vitagraph Co. of America acquired Kalem's properties in Feb 1919 and, according to a modern source, released a six reel re-edited version of this film. According to a modern source, the picture was re-issued in 1938 with a musical score and narration, and with the addition of faked close-ups. That may be the film, called Jesus of Nazareth, that has been preserved by the National Film Registry. An extant 81-minute version is commonly available.

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GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONS
SOURCE CITATIONS
SOURCE
DATE
PAGE
Motion Picture Story Magazine
Aug 1912
pp. 32-37
Motion Picture Story Magazine
Nov 1912
pp. 17-33
Motography
12 Oct 1912
p. 298
Motography
1 Mar 1913
p. 3
Motography
15 Mar 1913
p. 194
Moving Picture News
9 Nov 1912
p. 19
Moving Picture World
20 Apr 1912
p. 208
Moving Picture World
22 Jun 1912
pp. 1119-20
Moving Picture World
12 Oct 1912
pp. 121-24
Moving Picture World
19 Oct 1912
p. 233
Moving Picture World
26 Oct 1912
p. 324
Moving Picture World
21 Dec 1912
---
Moving Picture World
28 Dec 1912
pp. 1318-1319
Moving Picture World
1 Mar 1913
p. 866
Moving Picture World
17 May 1913
p. 670
NYDM
23 Oct 1912
p. 28
NYDM
18 Dec 1912
p. 34
NYDM
1 Jan 1916
p. 26
DETAILS
Alternate Titles:
From the Manger to the Cross; or Jesus of Nazareth
Jesus of Nazareth
The Life of Christ
Release Date:
14 October 1912
Premiere Information:
Premiere in New York City: 14 Oct 1912 at Wanamaker's Auditorium
Production Date:
ca. May 1912
Copyright Info
Claimant
Date
Copyright Number
Kalem Co.
23 October 1912
LU56
Kalem Co.
2 December 1912
MP20
Physical Properties:
Silent
Black and White
Length(in feet):
4,700
Length(in reels):
5
Country:
United States
Language:
English
SYNOPSIS

The life of Jesus Christ is depicted in various scenes, including the angel Gabriel's Annunciation to the virgin Mary that she will conceive the son of God; Jesus's birth in a Bethlehem stable, accompanied by the three wise men; the flight of Joseph and Mary into Egypt to escape King Herod's edict that infants must be killed; Jesus's youth in Nazareth; the heralding of Christ by John the Baptist; Jesus's gathering of the disciples; the miracles, including the raising of Lazarus from the dead; Jesus's last days; the last supper; and Jesus's crucifixion and ...

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The life of Jesus Christ is depicted in various scenes, including the angel Gabriel's Annunciation to the virgin Mary that she will conceive the son of God; Jesus's birth in a Bethlehem stable, accompanied by the three wise men; the flight of Joseph and Mary into Egypt to escape King Herod's edict that infants must be killed; Jesus's youth in Nazareth; the heralding of Christ by John the Baptist; Jesus's gathering of the disciples; the miracles, including the raising of Lazarus from the dead; Jesus's last days; the last supper; and Jesus's crucifixion and death.

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Legend
Viewed by AFI
Partially Viewed
Offscreen Credit
Name Occurs Before Title
AFI Life Achievement Award

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The American Film Institute is grateful to Sir Paul Getty KBE and the Sir Paul Getty KBE Estate for their dedication to the art of the moving image and their support for the AFI Catalog of Feature Films and without whose support AFI would not have been able to achieve this historical landmark in this epic scholarly endeavor.