The Big Sleep (1946)

113 mins | Film noir | 31 August 1946

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HISTORY

Both the version of The Big Sleep released in 1946 and the 117 min. version completed in 1945 and restored by the UCLA Film and Television Archives were viewed. The above synopsis was based on the 1946 version. Memos included in the Warner Bros. Collection at the USC Cinema-Television Library add the following information about the production: Nina Foch tested for the role of "Carmen." Due to Humphrey Bogart's affair with co-star Lauren Bacall, his marital problems escalated during filming, and his drinking often resulted in his being unable to work. The picture took seventy-six days to film -- thirty-four days behind its forty-two day schedule. The film was completed on 12 Jan 1945 and was shown to American servicemen overseas, but was not released in the United States at that time. With the end of World War II, Warners pushed back the release of The Big Sleep in favor of its completed war-themed films; among them was Confidential Agent (see entry), which also starred Bacall. After her performance in that film was panned by the critics, agent Charles K. Feldman convinced Jack L. Warner that another failure would ruin Bacall's career. In a letter dated 16 Nov 1945, Feldman wrote Warner that "...if [Bacall] receives the same type of general reviews and criticisms on The Big Sleep, which she definitely will receive unless changes are made, you might lose one of your most important assets. Though the additional scenes will only cost in the neighborhood of probably $25,000 or $50,000, in my opinion this should be done even if the cost should run to $250,000." Feldman advised ...

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Both the version of The Big Sleep released in 1946 and the 117 min. version completed in 1945 and restored by the UCLA Film and Television Archives were viewed. The above synopsis was based on the 1946 version. Memos included in the Warner Bros. Collection at the USC Cinema-Television Library add the following information about the production: Nina Foch tested for the role of "Carmen." Due to Humphrey Bogart's affair with co-star Lauren Bacall, his marital problems escalated during filming, and his drinking often resulted in his being unable to work. The picture took seventy-six days to film -- thirty-four days behind its forty-two day schedule. The film was completed on 12 Jan 1945 and was shown to American servicemen overseas, but was not released in the United States at that time. With the end of World War II, Warners pushed back the release of The Big Sleep in favor of its completed war-themed films; among them was Confidential Agent (see entry), which also starred Bacall. After her performance in that film was panned by the critics, agent Charles K. Feldman convinced Jack L. Warner that another failure would ruin Bacall's career. In a letter dated 16 Nov 1945, Feldman wrote Warner that "...if [Bacall] receives the same type of general reviews and criticisms on The Big Sleep, which she definitely will receive unless changes are made, you might lose one of your most important assets. Though the additional scenes will only cost in the neighborhood of probably $25,000 or $50,000, in my opinion this should be done even if the cost should run to $250,000." Feldman advised Warner to "give the girl at least three or four additional scenes with Bogart of the insolent and provocative nature that she had in To Have and Have Not."
       On 2 Jan 1946, HR reported that Hawks, Bogart and Bacall were shooting added scenes, and that much of the script had been rewritten. As the studio did not want to release a longer film, scenes were cut from the 1945 version. Among the scenes cut were one in which "Philip Marlowe" searches the location of "Geiger's" murder. Another sequence, in which Marlowe brings the drugged "Carmen" home and advises the butler to give her an alibi, was replaced with a similar scene during which Marlowe gives the same advice to Bacall's "Vivian," thus allowing the characters to establish romantic potential. The longest cut was of a nine-minute sequence in which Marlowe explains the series of murders to suspicious police detective "Cronjager" and district attorney "Wilde." (Both of these roles were cut from the 1946 release.) In the 1945 print, a short scene in which Vivian, wearing an unbecoming hat with a veil, meets Marlowe at his office and pays him off, was replaced by a longer, more sensual encounter between them at a nightclub during which they trade double entendres about horse racing. In a brief scene in the 1946 version, Carmen is waiting for Marlowe at his apartment when he returns from taking Vivian home. This substituted for the 1945 scene in which Wilde asks Marlowe to drop the Sternwood case. Finally, the climactic scene in "Eddie Mars's" hideout was rewritten to emphasize the character of Vivian. In this sequence, Eddie Mars's wife is performed by Peggy Knudson, rather than Patricia Clarke , who played the role in the 1945 version. Bacall received some favorable notices for her performance, although the NYT commented that "she still hasn't learned to act." Three months after the film was finished, Bacall and Bogart were married.
       Modern sources add the following information about the production: Warner Bros. paid $10,000 for the rights to Raymond Chandler's novel. Many critics commented on the confusing plot of the film, especially the fact that the murderer of the "Sternwood's" chauffeur is never clearly identified. [This was true even in the 1945 version with its extended explanation in Wilde's office.] Modern sources blame these problems in part on the fact that co-writers Leigh Brackett and William Faulkner wrote alternate sections of the script and left the project as soon as they turned in the final draft. Jules Furthman was then called in to cut and condense their work. Hawks also rewrote several scenes. In an interview, Hawks said, "I never figured out what was going on....After that got by, I said, 'I'm never going to worry about being logical again.'" In a modern interview, Hawks said that the PCA officials "read the script and they didn't care for the end Chandler wrote. I said, 'Why don't you suggest a better one?' And they did. It was a lot more violent, it was everything I wanted, and I made it and was very happy about it." In a 27 Sep 1944 letter to Jack Warner, included in the MPAA/PCA file on the film, PCA head Joseph I. Breen objected to the script's "suggestion that Carmen is being blackmailed by means of some nude or lewd photographs." However, the suggestion is present in the released film. Modern sources credit Chuck Hansen as assistant director. Chandler's novel also provided the source for a 1978 United Artists film The Big Sleep which was set in London and starred Robert Mitchum. Much of the film was parodied in Larry Gelbart's play City of Angels. For information on additional films featuring the character of Philip Marlowe, please see entry for Murder, My Sweet.

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PERSONAL & COMPANY INDEX CREDITS
CREDIT
HISTORY CREDITS
SOURCE CITATIONS
SOURCE
DATE
PAGE
Box Office
17 Aug 1946
---
Daily Variety
13 Aug 1946
p. 3
Film Daily
14 Aug 1946
p. 5
Hollywood Reporter
10 Oct 1944
p. 1
Hollywood Reporter
2 Jan 1946
p. 8
Hollywood Reporter
13 Aug 1946
p. 3
Hollywood Reporter
26 Aug 1946
p. 6
Motion Picture Herald Product Digest
16 Dec 1944
p. 2230
Motion Picture Herald Product Digest
3 Aug 1946
p. 3126
Motion Picture Herald Product Digest
17 Aug 1946
p. 3149
New York Times
24 Aug 1946
p. 6
Variety
14 Aug 1946
p. 10
CAST
PRODUCTION CREDITS
NAME
PARENT COMPANY
PRODUCTION COMPANY
PRODUCTION TEXT
BRAND NAME
A Howard Hawks Production
A Warner Bros.--First National Picture
DISTRIBUTION COMPANY
NAME
CREDITED AS
CREDIT
DIRECTORS
Asst dir
PRODUCER
Exec prod
PHOTOGRAPHY
Dir of photog
Michael P. Joyce
2d cam
ART DIRECTORS
Art dir
Supv art dir
FILM EDITOR
Film ed
SET DECORATORS
Set dec
Matte paintings
COSTUMES
MUSIC
SOUND
Gerald W. Alexander
Re-rec and eff mixer
Re-rec and eff mixer
Charles David Forrest
Mus mixer
VISUAL EFFECTS
E. Roy Davidson
Spec eff dir
Warren E. Lynch
Spec eff
Spec eff
Spec eff
MAKEUP
Makeup artist
PRODUCTION MISC
Prod mgr
SOURCES
LITERARY
Based on the novel The Big Sleep by Raymond Chandler (New York, 1939).
LITERARY SOURCE AUTHOR
SONGS
"And Her Tears Flowed Like Wine," music and lyrics by Joe Greene, Stanley Kenton and Charles Lawrence.
DETAILS
Release Date:
31 August 1946
Premiere Information:
New York opening: 23 Aug 1946
Production Date:
10 Oct 1944--12 Jan 1945; addl scenes and retakes began 2 Jan 1946
Copyright Info
Claimant
Date
Copyright Number
Warner Bros. Pictures, Inc.
31 August 1946
LP534
Physical Properties:
Sound
RCA Sound System
Black and White
Duration(in mins):
113
Country:
United States
PCA No:
10625
SYNOPSIS

Los Angeles private detective Philip Marlowe is summoned to the mansion of General Sternwood, a wealthy, aging invalid with two wild young daughters: the predatory, childish Carmen and the divorced Vivian Rutledge. Sternwood explains that Arthur Gwynne Geiger, a rare book dealer, is demanding payment of Carmen's gambling debts. Sternwood adds that earlier, a man named Joe Brody made a similar request, which was handled by ex-bootlegger Sean Regan, who has since disappeared. Although Marlowe advises Sternwood to pay the money, he agrees to look into the matter for him. After he leaves the general, Vivian asks to speak with him. She assumes that Sternwood hired Marlowe to look into Regan's disappearance, but Marlowe reveals nothing. At Geiger's store, Marlowe questions Agnes, the attendant, about rare books, and her confused response convinces him that the store is a cover for some illegal activity. The attractive bookseller across the street confirms his guess, and Marlowe waits at her shop for Geiger to make an appearance. Marlowe follows Geiger to his house, where, after a while, Carmen arrives. Later, Marlowe hears a scream followed by gunshots. Inside the house, Marlowe discovers a drugged Carmen with Geiger's dead body. Marlowe also finds a hidden camera with no film in it and a book containing the names of Geiger's blackmail victims. After Marlowe drives Carmen home, he returns to Geiger's, but in the meantime, the body has been removed. Later, one of Sternwood's cars containing the body of his chauffeur, Owen Taylor, is dredged out of the ocean. That afternoon, Vivian tells Marlowe that blackmailers have demanded $5,000 for a compromising photograph ...

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Los Angeles private detective Philip Marlowe is summoned to the mansion of General Sternwood, a wealthy, aging invalid with two wild young daughters: the predatory, childish Carmen and the divorced Vivian Rutledge. Sternwood explains that Arthur Gwynne Geiger, a rare book dealer, is demanding payment of Carmen's gambling debts. Sternwood adds that earlier, a man named Joe Brody made a similar request, which was handled by ex-bootlegger Sean Regan, who has since disappeared. Although Marlowe advises Sternwood to pay the money, he agrees to look into the matter for him. After he leaves the general, Vivian asks to speak with him. She assumes that Sternwood hired Marlowe to look into Regan's disappearance, but Marlowe reveals nothing. At Geiger's store, Marlowe questions Agnes, the attendant, about rare books, and her confused response convinces him that the store is a cover for some illegal activity. The attractive bookseller across the street confirms his guess, and Marlowe waits at her shop for Geiger to make an appearance. Marlowe follows Geiger to his house, where, after a while, Carmen arrives. Later, Marlowe hears a scream followed by gunshots. Inside the house, Marlowe discovers a drugged Carmen with Geiger's dead body. Marlowe also finds a hidden camera with no film in it and a book containing the names of Geiger's blackmail victims. After Marlowe drives Carmen home, he returns to Geiger's, but in the meantime, the body has been removed. Later, one of Sternwood's cars containing the body of his chauffeur, Owen Taylor, is dredged out of the ocean. That afternoon, Vivian tells Marlowe that blackmailers have demanded $5,000 for a compromising photograph of Carmen taken at Geiger's the previous night. When Marlowe asks if she can pay the money, Vivian says she might be able to get it from Eddie Mars, the gambler whose wife ran off with Regan. Marlowe then returns to Geiger's store, where he sees two men loading Geiger's stock into their car and tails them to Brody's apartment. Later, he learns that Mars owns the house where Geiger was shot. That evening, when Vivian reports that the blackmailers failed to contact her, a skeptical Marlowe drives to Brody's apartment building. Vivian and Agnes are both hiding inside, and Carmen arrives later, intending to shoot Brody. After Marlowe disarms Carmen, Brody admits that he is the blackmailer, but denies that he killed Geiger. Marlowe forces Brody to give the photographic negative to Vivian, who then takes Carmen home. Marlowe explains that Taylor, who was in love with Carmen, shot Geiger and then accuses Brody of killing Taylor. Brody is about to tell Marlowe what information Geiger had on the Sternwoods, when he responds to a knock on the door and is shot. Marlowe catches the killer, Geiger's assistant Carol Lundgren, who believed that Brody murdered Geiger and shot him in retaliation. Now that the murders seem to be solved, Vivian tries to dismiss Marlowe, but he is convinced that Mars knows something about Regan's disappearance. Marlowe's suspicions of Mars increase when Vivian wins a lot of money gambling at Mars's club, only to have it stolen later in what appears to Marlowe to be a phony holdup. When Vivian later tells him that Regan has been found in Mexico, Marlowe believes that she is trying to throw him off Regan's trail. Subsequently, Marlowe learns from Agnes the whereabouts of Mars's wife Mona, who was supposed to have run off with Regan, and drives to the hideout, where he is taken prisoner by Mars's men. Vivian is also hiding out at the house and with her help, Marlowe shoots Mars's hired killer Canino, and they make their escape. Marlowe then lures Mars to Geiger's house and accuses him of blackmailing Vivian to keep Carmen's murder of Regan secret. After Mars is mistakenly killed by his own men, Marlowe tells the police that Mars murdered Regan and privately exacts Vivian's promise that she will send Carmen away where she will be prevented from hurting anyone else.

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Legend
Viewed by AFI
Partially Viewed
Offscreen Credit
Name Occurs Before Title
AFI Life Achievement Award

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