Two Flags West
(1950)
92 mins | Drama | November 1950
Director:
Robert WiseWriter:
Casey RobinsonProducer:
Casey RobinsonCinematographer:
Leon ShamroyEditor:
Louis LoefflerProduction Designers:
Lyle Wheeler, Chester GoreProduction Company:
Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corp.The working title of this film was Trumpet to the Morn. The opening credits contain the following statement: "On December 8th, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln issued a Special Proclamation, whereby Confederate Prisoners of War might gain their freedom, provided they would join the Union Army to defend the frontier West against the Indians." In correspondence included in the Twentieth Century-Fox Records of the Legal Department at the UCLA Arts--Special Collections Library, writer Frank S. Nugent stated that he came up with the idea for this film while he was working on the screenplay of She Wore a Yellow Ribbon (see above) in the fall of 1948. While doing research, Nugent read a brief statement in the book Fighting Indians of the West, by Dee Brown and Martin F. Schmitt (New York, 1948) concerning the use of paroled Confederate soldiers to man frontier forts at the end of the Civil War. After a futile attempt to locate confirming information, Nugent wrote to Schmitt at the University of Oregon. Schmitt and Brown responded with further information regarding sources of the information, in particular, the seventy-odd volumes of the Official Records of the War of the Rebellion. Nugent noted that over six thousand former Confederate soldiers, after taking a loyalty oath, were "galvanized," and that late in 1864, there was a Confederate conspiracy to open a road from El Paso to California so that Southern sympathizers in California could fight in the war. Nugent's story was originally entitled "The Yankee from Georgia." He submitted it to the Goldwyn Studios and to M-G-M, but although those studios expressed interest, they made no offer ...
The working title of this film was Trumpet to the Morn. The opening credits contain the following statement: "On December 8th, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln issued a Special Proclamation, whereby Confederate Prisoners of War might gain their freedom, provided they would join the Union Army to defend the frontier West against the Indians." In correspondence included in the Twentieth Century-Fox Records of the Legal Department at the UCLA Arts--Special Collections Library, writer Frank S. Nugent stated that he came up with the idea for this film while he was working on the screenplay of She Wore a Yellow Ribbon (see above) in the fall of 1948. While doing research, Nugent read a brief statement in the book Fighting Indians of the West, by Dee Brown and Martin F. Schmitt (New York, 1948) concerning the use of paroled Confederate soldiers to man frontier forts at the end of the Civil War. After a futile attempt to locate confirming information, Nugent wrote to Schmitt at the University of Oregon. Schmitt and Brown responded with further information regarding sources of the information, in particular, the seventy-odd volumes of the Official Records of the War of the Rebellion. Nugent noted that over six thousand former Confederate soldiers, after taking a loyalty oath, were "galvanized," and that late in 1864, there was a Confederate conspiracy to open a road from El Paso to California so that Southern sympathizers in California could fight in the war. Nugent's story was originally entitled "The Yankee from Georgia." He submitted it to the Goldwyn Studios and to M-G-M, but although those studios expressed interest, they made no offer until it could be more fully developed.
According to LAEx, Twentieth Century-Fox bought the story with the intention of starring Victor Mature in the role of "Col. Clay Tucker." Richard Basehart subsequently was signed for the role, before being replaced by Joseph Cotten, who was borrowed from Selznick. Kathryn Sheldon was originally scheduled to play "Mrs. Magowan." Location scenes were shot at the San Ildefonso Pueblo, a community of Tewa Indians twenty-two miles from Santa Fe, NM. According to publicity for the film, buildings in the pueblo date from the 1500s. The filmmakers agreed not to come near the tribal kiva (the underground council room), the graveyard or sacred shrines.
In 1951, R. W. Alcorn , a producer, claimed in correspondence with Twentieth Century-Fox that in Sep 1949 he purchased a story entitled "Between Two Flags" by William R. Lipman, which, he stated, was very similar to this film. Alcorn claimed to have contacted Nugent to work on the story outline, but Nugent denied this, saying he had never been given a copy of Lipman's story. No further information regarding Alcorn's claim has been located.
In Apr 1957, the Twentieth Century-Fox Hour broadcast a remake of Two Flags West entitled "The Still Trumpet," starring Dale Robertson, who appeared in a supporting role in the original version. The teleplay was written by Curtis Kenyon and the show was directed by Lewis Allen.
At a prison camp at Rock Island, Illinois, in the autumn of 1864, Captain Mark Bradford, who became the camp commander after injuries ended his fighting career, offers Confederate prisoners the chance to be paroled. In order to be freed, the prisoners must agree to serve as Union soldiers and protect frontier forts against Indians. The Confederates' leader, Colonel Clay Tucker of Georgia, knows that there will be no further exchanges of prisoners and so considers the offer. After seeing one of his men die in the prison, Clay gets Mark's word that the men will not be asked to fight against their own, then breaks a tie vote among the prisoners in favor of going. Clay is demoted to 2nd lieutenant, and the unit joins the 3rd Cavalry of the Army of the Republic at Fort Thorn, New Mexico. Fort Thorn is commanded by the stern, rebel-hating Major Henry Kenniston, who is frustrated that an injury suffered during his first battle has kept him from the war. At dinner, the major's sister-in-law Elena, a Mexican-American from Monterey, breaks down in tears when Clay relates that he fought at Chancellorsville, where her husband, the major's brother, lost his life. Mark, who fell in love with Elena on the day of her wedding, is surprised to find her there, and she states that Kenniston wrote her that she could reach the fort with an Army supply train, then travel to Monterey with an escorted wagon. She has now been at the fort for six months, and in addition to becoming frustrated with Kenniston's excuse that he cannot spare a wagon escort, she is tired ...
At a prison camp at Rock Island, Illinois, in the autumn of 1864, Captain Mark Bradford, who became the camp commander after injuries ended his fighting career, offers Confederate prisoners the chance to be paroled. In order to be freed, the prisoners must agree to serve as Union soldiers and protect frontier forts against Indians. The Confederates' leader, Colonel Clay Tucker of Georgia, knows that there will be no further exchanges of prisoners and so considers the offer. After seeing one of his men die in the prison, Clay gets Mark's word that the men will not be asked to fight against their own, then breaks a tie vote among the prisoners in favor of going. Clay is demoted to 2nd lieutenant, and the unit joins the 3rd Cavalry of the Army of the Republic at Fort Thorn, New Mexico. Fort Thorn is commanded by the stern, rebel-hating Major Henry Kenniston, who is frustrated that an injury suffered during his first battle has kept him from the war. At dinner, the major's sister-in-law Elena, a Mexican-American from Monterey, breaks down in tears when Clay relates that he fought at Chancellorsville, where her husband, the major's brother, lost his life. Mark, who fell in love with Elena on the day of her wedding, is surprised to find her there, and she states that Kenniston wrote her that she could reach the fort with an Army supply train, then travel to Monterey with an escorted wagon. She has now been at the fort for six months, and in addition to becoming frustrated with Kenniston's excuse that he cannot spare a wagon escort, she is tired of his over-protective attitude and romantic aspirations. When the Southerners chase some Indians into a mountain pass, Kenniston orders "retreat" sounded, then reprimands Clay in the presence of his men for almost riding into a trap. After the Southerners, obeying Kenniston's orders, execute two men for running whiskey and guns to the Indians, they find out that the men were agents of the Confederate government. Feeling that Kenniston has broken their agreement, Clay joins his disgruntled men in planning to desert. Kenniston then sends the Southern troops to escort a wagon train West, hoping that if they desert, they will do it then, while he is expecting it. Although Kenniston takes Elena's name off the lists of passengers, she hides in the parson's wagon and when Mark spots her hiding, he says nothing. Along the way, Clay learns that Elena has come along, and after he allows her to stay, they grow fond of each other during the trip. The night before the troops plan to bolt for Texas, Ephraim Strong, a Confederate agent who has masqueraded as a merchant, tells Clay of his plan to link Confederate Texas with the Pacific Ocean. Strong hopes to defeat the blockade that is strangling the South and make Californian gold available to the Confederacy. Strong urges Clay not to desert, but to return and gain Kenniston's confidence, as Fort Thorn is the only block between Texas and Tucson, and also bring Elena back, so as not to antagonize Kenniston. After their return, Kenniston still does not trust Clay even though he brought Elena back, and when suspicious wagon tracks are spotted in the vicinity, Clay is not chosen for the patrol. When the son of the feared Kiowa chief Satank is captured, the chief and his warriors approach the fort to demand the boy's return. Kenniston, calling the son a "rebel," orders him shot, whereupon Satank issues a threat and leaves. Meanwhile, Clay has received orders to take his troops to rendezvous with a wagon train and proceed with it to California. Clay takes over command of the patrol from Mark, who had come to regard him as a friend, but when he learns that the fort is surrounded by Satank and his braves, Clay and his men decide to go back, as they know that women and children will die if they desert. During the fight with the Indians, Mark is wounded, and Clay rescues him when an Indian tries to kill him. After fighting has temporarily ceased for the night, Clay apologizes to Elena, who is helping to nurse the wounded, for bringing her back, and she sadly relates that before he died, Mark confessed he loved her. A note attached to a flaming arrow arrives with a message that the Indians demand the lives of the officers in revenge for the murder of Satank's son, but that they will spare the others. Kenniston then decides to go alone to his death and turns over command to Clay, who is now respectful of Kenniston's integrity. When he leaves the fort and the gates close, Kenniston issues an agonizing scream, and his body is recovered the following day after the Indians leave. A rider then arrives with the news that General Sherman has completed his march to the sea and that Savannah is surrounded, leaving the Confederacy cut in half. As the Union soldiers whoop at the news and sing "The Battle Hymn of the Republic," the rebels proudly sing "Dixie." With the news that the war will soon be over, Elena comforts Clay, who despairs that there is now nothing left to go home to. She asks for help to rebuild her home at the fort, and in Spanish, tells him it will all seem better tomorrow.
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