The Killing (1956)

83-84 mins | Drama | July 1956

Director:

Stanley Kubrick

Writer:

Stanley Kubrick

Producer:

James B. Harris

Cinematographer:

Lucien Ballard

Editor:

Betty Steinberg

Production Designer:

Ruth Sobotka

Production Company:

Harris-Kubrick Pictures Corp.
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HISTORY

Working titles for the film were Clean Break and Bed of Fear. The Var review erroneously reversed the order of actor Kola Kwariani with that of his character, "Maurice Oboukhoff". The film featured offscreen, voice-over narration by Art Gilmore throughout, presented in a mock documentary style. At various places throughout the film, the story unfolds out of chronological order, with the narrator establishing the time sequence, using phrases such as "forty-five minutes before." The film contained what reviewers called “rapid fire” shots, elements that some reviewers felt heightened the tension of the narrative.
       The race sequences were shot on location at Bay Meadows race track, outside of San Francisco, according to reviews. A 1962 HR item noted that Frank Sinatra was considering a remake of The Killing, to co-star members of “The Rat Pack.” Years earlier, according to modern sources, when producer James B. Harris approached author Lionel White's agents for the rights to the novel Clean Break, he was told that Sinatra was already negotiating for the book. When Sinatra hesitated, Harris secured the rights.
       Modern sources indicate that United Artists was concerned about the project having no viable star and suggested Victor Mature for the role of "Johnny Clay," but Harris and director Stanley Kubrick, working on his second feature production, refused. Harris approached Jack Palance without success. The same source indicates that although star Sterling Hayden approved of the film at a first screening, he later expressed concern that its unconventional structure had reduced the impact of his performance. Fearing a lawsuit by the ...

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Working titles for the film were Clean Break and Bed of Fear. The Var review erroneously reversed the order of actor Kola Kwariani with that of his character, "Maurice Oboukhoff". The film featured offscreen, voice-over narration by Art Gilmore throughout, presented in a mock documentary style. At various places throughout the film, the story unfolds out of chronological order, with the narrator establishing the time sequence, using phrases such as "forty-five minutes before." The film contained what reviewers called “rapid fire” shots, elements that some reviewers felt heightened the tension of the narrative.
       The race sequences were shot on location at Bay Meadows race track, outside of San Francisco, according to reviews. A 1962 HR item noted that Frank Sinatra was considering a remake of The Killing, to co-star members of “The Rat Pack.” Years earlier, according to modern sources, when producer James B. Harris approached author Lionel White's agents for the rights to the novel Clean Break, he was told that Sinatra was already negotiating for the book. When Sinatra hesitated, Harris secured the rights.
       Modern sources indicate that United Artists was concerned about the project having no viable star and suggested Victor Mature for the role of "Johnny Clay," but Harris and director Stanley Kubrick, working on his second feature production, refused. Harris approached Jack Palance without success. The same source indicates that although star Sterling Hayden approved of the film at a first screening, he later expressed concern that its unconventional structure had reduced the impact of his performance. Fearing a lawsuit by the actor, Kubrick re-edited the film in chronological order but noted that the narrative tension was lost and returned it to its original structure.
       The Killing is the first of three films on which Harris and Kubrick collaborated. The other productions were 1958 Paths of Glory (see below) and 1962 Lolita (see AFI Catalog of Feature Films, 1961-70). Although The Killing performed poorly in general release and was not critically acclaimed, it has since gained a “cult” following with the development of Kubrick's career. Art director Ruth Sobotka was Kubrick’s wife from 1955--1961.

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GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONS
PERSONAL & COMPANY INDEX CREDITS
CREDIT
HISTORY CREDITS
CREDIT TYPE
CREDIT
SOURCE CITATIONS
SOURCE
DATE
PAGE
Box Office
26 May 1956
---
Daily Variety
18 May 1956
p. 3
Film Daily
6 Jun 1956
p. 6
Hollywood Reporter
1 Nov 1955
p. 9
Hollywood Reporter
2 Nov 1955
p. 8
Hollywood Reporter
4 Nov 1955
p. 13
Hollywood Reporter
25 Nov 1955
p. 13
Hollywood Reporter
18 May 1956
p. 3
Hollywood Reporter
18 Apr 1962
---
Motion Picture Herald Product Digest
26 May 1956
p. 913
New York Times
21 May 1956
p. 20
Variety
23 May 1956
p. 6
CAST
PRODUCTION CREDITS
NAME
PARENT COMPANY
PRODUCTION COMPANY
DISTRIBUTION COMPANY
NAME
CREDITED AS
CREDIT
DIRECTORS
Asst dir
Asst dir
2d asst dir
PRODUCERS
Assoc prod
WRITERS
Jim Thompson
Dial
PHOTOGRAPHY
Dir of photog
Cam op
2d asst cam
Process cam
Gaffer
Head grip
Best boy
ART DIRECTOR
Art dir
FILM EDITOR
Film ed
SET DECORATORS
Set dec
Carl Brainard
Asst set dec
Const supv
Chief carpenter
Chief painter
Props
COSTUMES
Women's ward
Miss Windsor's cost
MUSIC
Mus comp and cond
SOUND
Joe Keener
Sd rec
Sd eff ed
VISUAL EFFECTS
Spec eff
Photog eff
Photog eff
MAKEUP
Hairdresser
PRODUCTION MISC
Scr supv
Prod asst
Transportation
Dir's asst
Prod supv
SOURCES
LITERARY
Based on the novel Clean Break by Lionel White (New York, 1955).
LITERARY SOURCE AUTHOR
DETAILS
Alternate Titles:
Bed of Fear
Clean Break
Release Date:
July 1956
Premiere Information:
New York opening: 19 May 1956
Production Date:
early Nov--late Nov 1955 at Kling Studios
Copyright Info
Claimant
Date
Copyright Number
Harris-Kubrick Pictures Corp.
19 May 1956
LP6735
Physical Properties:
Sound
RCA Sound System
Black and White
Widescreen/ratio
1.85:1
Duration(in mins):
83-84
Country:
United States
Language:
English
PCA No:
17836
SYNOPSIS

At a big city racetrack, bookkeeper Marvin Unger covertly gives bartender Mike O’Reilly a note detailing the time and place of a meeting later that night, then retrieves his small winnings from cashier George Peatty. A little earlier that same day, patrolman Randy Kennan meets with loan shark Leo and assures him that he will be able to repay his entire loan within two weeks. At Unger’s apartment that evening, ex-convict Johnny Clay, just released from prison after serving a five-year sentence for robbery, reunites with his girl friend Fay and promises her that his detailed plan for an upcoming heist will guarantee their future together. A little later, George arrives at his apartment where his beautiful but cynical wife Sherry nags him about their constant poverty. In anger, George reveals he may be coming into a large amount of money, then refuses to explain, prompting Sherry to complain that George does not trust her. After George departs for a meeting, Sherry meets her lover, Val Cannon, and confides that George finally confessed to being involved with a small gang of men who plan to rob the racetrack proceeds. At eight o’clock that evening, Johnny meets with Unger, O’Reilly, Kennan and George to finalize their roles for the robbery. Johnny estimates that the track take will be nearly two million dollars and reveals that two other trustworthy men will assist them. While the men express concern over the two unknown conspirators, Sherry is caught eavesdropping just outside the room. George hastily claims his wife must have suspected him of cheating and followed him. After ordering the men away, Johnny ...

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At a big city racetrack, bookkeeper Marvin Unger covertly gives bartender Mike O’Reilly a note detailing the time and place of a meeting later that night, then retrieves his small winnings from cashier George Peatty. A little earlier that same day, patrolman Randy Kennan meets with loan shark Leo and assures him that he will be able to repay his entire loan within two weeks. At Unger’s apartment that evening, ex-convict Johnny Clay, just released from prison after serving a five-year sentence for robbery, reunites with his girl friend Fay and promises her that his detailed plan for an upcoming heist will guarantee their future together. A little later, George arrives at his apartment where his beautiful but cynical wife Sherry nags him about their constant poverty. In anger, George reveals he may be coming into a large amount of money, then refuses to explain, prompting Sherry to complain that George does not trust her. After George departs for a meeting, Sherry meets her lover, Val Cannon, and confides that George finally confessed to being involved with a small gang of men who plan to rob the racetrack proceeds. At eight o’clock that evening, Johnny meets with Unger, O’Reilly, Kennan and George to finalize their roles for the robbery. Johnny estimates that the track take will be nearly two million dollars and reveals that two other trustworthy men will assist them. While the men express concern over the two unknown conspirators, Sherry is caught eavesdropping just outside the room. George hastily claims his wife must have suspected him of cheating and followed him. After ordering the men away, Johnny threatens Sherry, telling her that if she interferes in the robbery she will only prevent George from receiving his cut of the proceeds. Later that night at the Peattys’ apartment, George decides to withdraw from the plan, but Sherry convinces him that the money will rejuvenate their troubled marriage. Three days later, Johnny meets with burly, former wrestler Maurice Oboukhoff, who agrees to start a brawl at the racetrack bar just before the critical seventh race when the robbery will occur. The same day, Johnny hires sharpshooter Nikki Arane to shoot racehorse Red Lightning during the seventh race in order to heighten the planned pandemonium. Johnny then rents a motel room from Joe Piano, the father of his prison cellmate, and stores a machine gun there. The next morning, Sherry awakens early to find George already up and surmises this is the day of the planned heist. Before departing for work at the track that morning, O’Reilly bids farewell to his invalid wife and promises he will be able to provide better doctors for her soon. O’Reilly then stops at a bus station locker where he picks up the machine gun in a flower box that Johnny had placed there earlier, then continues on to the track. When Nikki drives onto the track grounds he is diverted by a guard, but convinces the man to let him park near the track. Some miles away, Kennan telephones headquarters to report a radio malfunction in his squad car, then drives on to the track. Just as the seventh race begins, Maurice, feigning drunkenness, starts a fight with O’Reilly at the bar and all of the building guards are summoned to quell the brawl. As planned, halfway into the race, Nikki shoots and kills Red Lightning, whose collapse causes several horses to go down and excites the crowd and track personnel. While trying to flee the parking lot, however, Nikki panics and is shot and killed by a guard. While the guards are busy trying to subdue Maurice, George lets Johnny into the back office. Wearing a disguise, Johnny takes the gun hidden in O’Reilly’s locker and holds up the accountants in the central office. After locking the men away, Johnny places the money, his disguise and the gun in a duffel bag, which he then throws out the window to Kennan, who is waiting below. A little later at a prearranged apartment, Unger, O’Reilly, Kennan and George are waiting for Johnny, who is bringing the money that Kennan has left at the motel, when Val and accomplice Tiny burst into the room and demand the track proceeds. When Val mocks George, revealing that he learned of the job from Sherry, George shoots him. Val squeezes his shotgun trigger before collapsing and the spray kills all of the other men and severely wounds George. Delayed by traffic, Johnny arrives at the apartment fifteen minutes late and sees the bleeding George stumble across the street to his car. Because the men had agreed that if anything went wrong, the one in possession of the money would keep it and divide it with the others at a later date, Johnny drives away with the money. George arrives home and confronts Sherry, who cautions him to leave before Val arrives. George denounces Sherry before shooting her, then dies from his wounds. After placing the bills in a large, old suitcase, Johnny discovers that the locks do not work but proceeds to meet Fay at the airport where he has pre-purchased tickets for a flight to Boston. Although Johnny insists he must be allowed to carry the bulky suitcase on board, the airline officials refuse and he reluctantly checks it. Johnny and Fay then go outside to watch the luggage being loaded onto the plane. Just then a small poodle runs onto the tarmac, forcing the luggage-cart driver to swerve. During the maneuver, Johnny's suitcase falls to the ground and breaks open, releasing all of the bills, which whirl through the air. Fay pulls the stunned Johnny away and they exists the terminal, but an airline official reports Johnny as the suitcase owner to two plainclothes policemen. As Fay desperately tries to hail a cab, the two policemen walk toward her and Johnny.

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Legend
Viewed by AFI
Partially Viewed
Offscreen Credit
Name Occurs Before Title
AFI Life Achievement Award

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