On 29 May 1979, NYT announced that filmmaker Alan J. Pakula purchased motion picture rights to the newly-published William Styron novel, Sophie’s Choice (1979), after viewing the galley proofs earlier that year. Pakula paid for the property in a joint deal with Florida real estate developer Keith Barish, who was eager to invest in the entertainment business. According to the 24 Jul 1979 NYT, Barish flew to NY to meet Pakula on the set of his film, Starting Over (1979, see entry), after the two were introduced by their mutual agent, Stan Kamen. Although Pakula did not expect to sign with a production company until a script had been completed, negotiations began 28 Jun 1979, when Incorporated Television Company (ITC) Entertainment’s Marble Arch Productions President, Martin Starger, received the book from his employee, Lois Smith. The property was also reportedly circulating at Orion Pictures and Universal Pictures, but Marble Arch owner Sir Lew Grade wished to use his company to produce “more substantial” pictures, and Starger agreed to cover the novel’s costs, which had increased from $600,000 to nearly $750,000 due to its recent best-seller status, and budget the film at $10-$12 million.
       The 1 Jun 1979 HR suggested that Mike Nichols and Milos Forman expressed interest in dividing directorial duties of the NY and European scenes, respectively. However, Marble Arch negotiated a $1 million salary for Pakula to produce and direct, in addition to writing the first draft of the screenplay. At this time, principal photography was scheduled to begin in summer 1980. The 24 Jul 1979 NYT and 10 Sep 1979 HR listed conflicting release dates of fall 1981 and Christmas 1980, with distribution to be handled by Grade’s Associated Film Distribution Corp. (AFD), which was later acquired by Universal Pictures.
       However, production was repeatedly delayed over the next two years due to a prolonged casting process as Pakula completed the script. In early 1980, the 10 Apr DV stated that the budget had been increased to $12-$14 million. A 22 Jul 1981 NYT article claimed that Pakula originally hoped to hire unknown actors for the three lead roles, but conceded the need for at least one established star to generate box-office appeal, and initially considered Norwegian actress Liv Ullmann for “Sophie Zawistowska.” According to an 11 Dec 1982 LAT article, Meryl Streep expressed interest in the role and insisted she be allowed to screen test before Pakula had finished writing the screenplay. As early as 1979, the 12 Oct HR listed her as a possible contender alongside actor Michael York in the role of “Nathan Landau.” Although her name remained in consideration, the 11 Jul 1979 HR indicated that Bobby Deerfield (1977, see entry) co-stars and real-life lovers Marthe Keller and Al Pacino were also rumored to star, while the May 1980 Playgirl named German actress Hanna Schygulla. Sally Field was also interested in the part, but reportedly assumed she did not “[stand] a chance” of being cast. The 22 Jul 1981 NYT stated that the final decision eventually came down to Streep and Slovenian actress Magdaléna Vášáryová. Although Pakula offered the part to Streep in summer 1980, she opted not to commit until the script was completed while she filmed The French Lieutenant’s Woman (1981, see entry) and Pakula directed Rollover (1981, see entry). The 11 Dec 1982 LAT stated that the actress eventually obtained a copy of the completed screenplay from a friend at Yale Drama School, and renewed her interest with Pakula.
       Meanwhile, the NYT article also announced that earlier contenders for the role of Nathan—including Al Pacino, Dustin Hoffman, and Robert De Niro—were rejected in favor of Kevin Kline, whom Pakula had seen as the “Pirate King” in a Broadway performance of The Pirates of Penzance in late Jun 1981. Although Kline had reprised his stage role for the motion picture adaptation of The Pirates of Penzance (see entry), the film was not released until 18 Feb 1983, making Sophie’s Choice his screen debut. For the role of Stingo, Timothy Hutton and Michael O’Keefe were being considered over Pakula’s initial choice, Philip Anglim. Two months later, the 25 Sep 1981 NYT reported that Peter MacNicol was ultimately selected from more than fifty actors who read for the part. A 9 May 1982 NYT article stated that MacNicol “tried—unsuccessfully—to develop the voice of an older and wiser Stingo” for the film’s opening and closing narration, which resulted in the eventual hiring of Josef Sommer.
       The 1983 Theatre Crafts noted that costume designer Albert Wolsky and Streep’s hair and makeup artist J. Roy Helland began working on Sophie’s character design long before rehearsals. To achieve the appropriate style of the time period, dresses were created from the fabrics of re-cut vintage garments. The Jan 1983 Moviegoer indicated that rehearsals continued for three weeks, which allowed the actors to “experiment” while developing their character arcs.
       Production notes in AMPAS library files stated that principal photography began 1 Mar 1982, with the filming of interior boarding house scenes at Camera Mart Studios in New York City. According to the 31 Dec 1982 NYT, exteriors were shot at a Victorian house at 101 Rugby Street in the Flatbush neighborhood of Brooklyn, NY, which was painted bright pink to match its description in the novel. Additional Brooklyn locations included the Brooklyn Bridge, Prospect Park, Prospect Park South, Rockaway Playland, the Loew’s King’s Theatre, and, as indicated in the Feb 1983 issue of American Libraries, the Brooklyn Public Central Library. The 9 May 1982 NYT noted that weather postponed the Rockaway Playland sequence, prompting filmmakers to substitute Sophie and Nathan’s climactic death scene in the schedule.
       A 30 Apr 1982 HR news item reported the shooting of a scene in Bergen County, NJ, which included the Delaware-Oswego Railroad line, seventy local background actors, and multiple vintage automobiles. The 16 May 1982 LAT noted that the cars were provided by Uncle Irv’s Antique Autos in Lodi, NJ, which is not credited onscreen. Once exterior pick-up shots were completed outside the Brooklyn boarding house, the 17 May 1982 DV announced the conclusion of production in NY, with Streep set to travel to Zagreb, Yugoslavia, to film an additional two and a half weeks of flashback scenes. Although a 29 Dec 1981 DV article indicated that political unrest in Poland prevented the film from shooting there, production manager Bill Garrity and art director George Jenkins researched locations in Krakow, Katowice, Warsaw, and Auschwitz for three weeks in Sep 1981. After originally considering duplicating the locations in Czechoslovakia, filmmakers feared the country was located too close to Poland, and continued scouting in Yugoslavia. The 9 May 1982 NYT claimed that Pakula hoped to increase authenticity by hiring an unnamed Auschwitz survivor as a consultant, with the actors actually speaking Polish and German with English subtitles. Various contemporary sources reported that Streep spent months learning Polish, and spoke with her accent both on and off camera throughout filming. Principal photography concluded 1 Jun 1982.
       The 25 Nov 1982 LAT announced that the West Coast premiere was scheduled to take place 8 Dec 1982 at the AMPAS Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Los Angeles, CA. Proceeds for the event matched a donation from the National Endowment for the Arts contributing to the building of the new AFI campus. Sophie’s Choice opened 10 Dec 1982 in select theaters, in order to be eligible for that year’s Academy Award consideration.
       Reviews were generally positive, with many critics owing the film’s success to Streep’s performance, which earned her a Best Actress Academy Award and Golden Globe Award. Sophie’s Choice also received Academy Award nominations for Cinematography, Costume Design, Original Score, and Adapted Screenplay, as well as Golden Globe nominations for Best Motion Picture – Drama, and New Star of the Year – Kevin Kline. AFI ranked the picture #91 on its 2007 list of the 100 Greatest American Films of All Time.
       The 30 Mar 1983 HR stated that composer Carol Connors was hired by ATV Music to write lyrics to the main theme from Marvin Hamlisch’s score, which was to be re-titled, “To Face The World Alone.”
       Although contemporary reviews listed the duration at 157 minutes, the print viewed for this record had a 151-minute run time.
       The film begins and concludes with voice-over narration by Josef Sommer, portraying an elder version of Peter MacNicol’s character, “Stingo.”
       End credits state that location shooting took place in Yugoslavia, “with the Cooperation of Jadran Film, Zagreb.” “Special thanks” are given to: “Nancy Littlefield and the New York City Mayor’s Office for Film, Theatre and Broadcasting. Lt. Jesse Peterman and the New York City Tactical Police Unit. The Flatbush Development Corporation, Brooklyn, New York. Bronx Community College.” A disclaimer notes: “Rudolf Hoess was the commandant at Auschwitz. The story, all other names, all other characters, and all incidents portrayed in this production are fictitious. No identification with actual persons is intended or should be inferred.”