Hollywood Shuffle
(1987)
R | 82 mins | Comedy | 20 March 1987
Director:
Robert TownsendWriters:
Robert Townsend, Keenen Ivory WayansProducer:
Robert TownsendCinematographer:
Peter DemingEditor:
W. O. GarrettProduction Designer:
Melba Katzman FarquharProduction Company:
Conquering UnicornActor Gregory Alexander is listed as Gregory “Popeye” Alexander in end credits. Similarly, Richard McGregor is credited as Richard “Romeo” McGregor. End credits are superimposed over outtakes from the film. Onscreen text declares: “The moral of the story is…” and is followed by a hip-hop song about African Americans gaining more respectable roles in Hollywood films. The narrative is interspersed with fantasy sequences in which aspiring African American actor, “Bobby Taylor,” imagines himself as characters that have historically been reserved for white actors.
As noted in the 30 Oct 1986 DV, filmmaker Robert Townsend transitioned from acting to directing in 1984, after signing a three-picture deal with Richard Pyror’s Indigo Productions. Pryor’s newly established, $40 million contract with Columbia Pictures entitled him to exercise full control of the company, which he hoped would precipitate better roles and working conditions for African Americans. Before Indigo collapsed, Townsend was hired based on performances in two 1984 releases, Streets of Fire and A Soldier’s Story (see entries), and was required to direct a trial short film. With Pryor’s approval, Townsend went on to direct two additional shorts and became more ambitious about his work, teaming with his former stand-up comedian partner, Keenen Ivory Wayans, to combine the three shorts into a feature.
Without financing by the then-defunct Indigo, Townsend started responding to pre-approved credit card applications. According to a 19 Mar 1987 WSJ article, Townsend was able to acquire a total of $40,000 in credit from the Great American Bank, Citibank, and the Bank of Boston. He used the ...
Actor Gregory Alexander is listed as Gregory “Popeye” Alexander in end credits. Similarly, Richard McGregor is credited as Richard “Romeo” McGregor. End credits are superimposed over outtakes from the film. Onscreen text declares: “The moral of the story is…” and is followed by a hip-hop song about African Americans gaining more respectable roles in Hollywood films. The narrative is interspersed with fantasy sequences in which aspiring African American actor, “Bobby Taylor,” imagines himself as characters that have historically been reserved for white actors.
As noted in the 30 Oct 1986 DV, filmmaker Robert Townsend transitioned from acting to directing in 1984, after signing a three-picture deal with Richard Pyror’s Indigo Productions. Pryor’s newly established, $40 million contract with Columbia Pictures entitled him to exercise full control of the company, which he hoped would precipitate better roles and working conditions for African Americans. Before Indigo collapsed, Townsend was hired based on performances in two 1984 releases, Streets of Fire and A Soldier’s Story (see entries), and was required to direct a trial short film. With Pryor’s approval, Townsend went on to direct two additional shorts and became more ambitious about his work, teaming with his former stand-up comedian partner, Keenen Ivory Wayans, to combine the three shorts into a feature.
Without financing by the then-defunct Indigo, Townsend started responding to pre-approved credit card applications. According to a 19 Mar 1987 WSJ article, Townsend was able to acquire a total of $40,000 in credit from the Great American Bank, Citibank, and the Bank of Boston. He used the credit lines to obtain debit cards from other establishments, including Saks Fifth Avenue department store and Montgomery Ward. After learning about a ten percent discount for University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) students at a film store, Townsend purchased UCLA shirts to convince shop owners that his crewmembers were students. As noted in DV, Townsend also instructed the crew to wear UCLA shirts during production and pose as students to avoid prosecution for filming without permits.
With a cast of associates from the Improv and the Comedy Store in Los Angeles, CA, Townsend rehearsed for five weeks while establishing specific procedures for every shot. He planned to film the picture without reshoots due to the imminent threat of being shut down by police. WSJ added that the cast and crew drove around Los Angeles in vans, quickly shooting scenes before jumping back into the vehicles to avoid ticketing.
Although principal photography began Oct 1984, filming was not complete until Aug 1986 because Townsend augmented the budget by going on tour with his comedy routine, earning $2,000 each week. He also took on several acting roles in commercials and feature films, including American Flyers (1985, see entry), Odd Jobs (1986), and Ratboy (1987, see entry). According to DV, Townsend collected “short ends” of unexposed film stock while working on the pictures to use for Hollywood Shuffle. Over the course of nearly two years, the picture was filmed in only fourteen days, according to the 19 Mar 1987 WSJ.
During that time, Townsend was unable to keep up with production costs and invested between $60,000 and $100,000 of his own earnings. While DV stated that Townsend refused offers from potential stakeholders, WSJ claimed that he actually sought financiers, but was unable to secure funding. A 31 May 1987 LAT article, which noted that many of the actors accepted low pay rates, and only a few received percentages of the film’s earnings, reported that Hollywood Shuffle was produced for under $1 million and earned $2 million in its first two months of release in forty-five theaters. Two weeks later, an 11 Jun 1987 LAT article listed the budget at $100,000.
After two industry screenings of the picture’s “rough cut,” Townsend was offered several distribution deals and decided to work with the Samuel Goldwyn Company because he appreciated Goldwyn’s “specialized release” of Jim Jarmusch’s Stranger Than Paradise (1984, see entry), according to DV. Goldwyn also contributed funds to additional filming and post-production work. WSJ noted that Townsend’s credit card debts were paid off “immediately” following the deal.
End credits include: “The producers would like to thank: The Baldwin Theatre, Nelson & Ernest; Rainbow Dance Studio; Ms. JoAnn’s Factory of Beauty; Jackson Limousine, E. J. Jackson; Leading Artists, Inc.; Davis’s Hair Styling, Freddie L. Davis; Blue Moon Studios; Ebony Showcase Theatre, Nick Stewart; Screen Actors Guild, Ann Talltree; Belami Studios, Nathaniel Bellamy; The Improvisation, Budd and Mark; United States Post Office; Yamaha Musical Instuments; Winston’s on Melrose; Timely Travel International, Lisa Jones; Patricia Hacker; Mr. Paul Mooney; Barry Haldeman; Ed Dector; Robert Looney; Keith Rubinstein; Gina Bolton; Fritz Manes; Verna Jones; Foto-Kem Labs; Lydia Nicole; Beverly Todd; Kojo Lewis; Joe Owens; Bruce Cecil; Clarence Avant; Quincy Jones; George Jackson; Shirley Ann Jenkins; Angela Craig; Helen Martin appears courtesy of His Dog Barks Productions; Byrnadette diSantos, Helen Pinkston; Michael Haney; Robert Cardenas; Bill Figgy; Joyce Maddox; Jerry Chan; Claes Thulin; Serge Usher; Robbie Reed; Tony McGowan; Regan Browning; Victor Clements; B. T. Taylor; Beatrice Giraldo; Michael Scott Henderson; Michelle Hinton; Robert Hammond; Lawrence-Hilton Jacobs; Patricia Matthews; Michael T. Smith; Lori Taylor; John Corey Williams; Dennis Comstock; Bob Carmodie; Michael Rivera; David Ramser; Bob Gantz; Norma Ruth; Jim Beaver; Ellis Harris; Bently Evans; Tommy Morgan; Vivian Johnson; Omar W. Hester; Gail Motley; Tori Peoples; Michael Matthews; Dijon Aragon; James Marcelino.” Also stated is: "This movie is dedicated in loving memory to Lucy Ann Beatty and Adolph Caesar."
In Hollywood, California, an aspiring African American actor named Bobby Taylor feigns a toothache to excuse himself from work at the Winky Dinky Dog hot dog stand to audition for a film. At the casting call, black actors prepare to audition for stereotypical roles, rehearsing their lines in exaggerated “Ebonics” African American street slang. Realizing that black actors are uniformly relegated to characters such as gangsters, rapists, slaves, and prostitutes, Bobby imagines a “Black Acting School” run by white instructors, where African Americans are trained to portray the demeaning roles embraced by Hollywood. Back at Winky Dinky Dog, Bobby’s boss, Mr. Jones, loses patience with the boy’s incessant excuses, and his co-workers, Donald and Tiny, warn Bobby that he will soon be unemployed. Just then, a popular black television actor, “Batty Boy,” arrives in a white limousine, surrounded by bodyguards. When Bobby asks his favorite actor how to vet good scripts, the suave thespian replies that the best screenplays are those in which the actor’s character is not killed off in the end, so there is possibility for a sequel. Bobby imagines himself in a spoof of Siskel and Ebert, the film critics’ television show, where he and his co-host disparage conventional Hollywood films because they cannot relate to the white protagonists. Back at home, Bobby receives word from his agent that he has been called back for a second audition, even though the filmmakers are looking for an “Eddie Murphy type.” That night, Bobby has a nightmare about betraying his artistic integrity by becoming an Eddie Murphy impersonator. As ...
In Hollywood, California, an aspiring African American actor named Bobby Taylor feigns a toothache to excuse himself from work at the Winky Dinky Dog hot dog stand to audition for a film. At the casting call, black actors prepare to audition for stereotypical roles, rehearsing their lines in exaggerated “Ebonics” African American street slang. Realizing that black actors are uniformly relegated to characters such as gangsters, rapists, slaves, and prostitutes, Bobby imagines a “Black Acting School” run by white instructors, where African Americans are trained to portray the demeaning roles embraced by Hollywood. Back at Winky Dinky Dog, Bobby’s boss, Mr. Jones, loses patience with the boy’s incessant excuses, and his co-workers, Donald and Tiny, warn Bobby that he will soon be unemployed. Just then, a popular black television actor, “Batty Boy,” arrives in a white limousine, surrounded by bodyguards. When Bobby asks his favorite actor how to vet good scripts, the suave thespian replies that the best screenplays are those in which the actor’s character is not killed off in the end, so there is possibility for a sequel. Bobby imagines himself in a spoof of Siskel and Ebert, the film critics’ television show, where he and his co-host disparage conventional Hollywood films because they cannot relate to the white protagonists. Back at home, Bobby receives word from his agent that he has been called back for a second audition, even though the filmmakers are looking for an “Eddie Murphy type.” That night, Bobby has a nightmare about betraying his artistic integrity by becoming an Eddie Murphy impersonator. As Bobby heads to his callback the following day, he stops at the barbershop of his Uncle Ray, who once had a budding career as a singer. He encourages Bobby to pursue his dream, and suggests that his nephew may one day win an Academy Award. Sometime later, Bobby is cast in the film and celebrates with his girl friend, Lydia, but their intimate moment is interrupted by Bobby’s grandmother. As the three watch television, Bobby imagines himself as a private detective in a film noir, looking for a missing street dancer. Afterward, he tells Lydia that he wishes to be cast as a respectable protagonist instead of an African American stereotype, but she encourages him to embrace his new job. The following morning, Bobby prepares for his first day on set. Although his grandmother believes he would enjoy greater respect as a post office worker than as an actor, she agrees to watch him perform that day. Thinking Bobby is out of earshot, his grandmother complains to the boy’s mother that Hollywood humiliates and degrades African Americans. Later, on the soundstage, Bobby is wrought with guilt about being a traitor to his community, and imagines the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) picketing outside his house, with Lydia initiating his assassination. Back on the set, Lydia, Bobby’s grandmother, and his doting younger brother, Stevie, are crestfallen as Bobby performs yet another offensive depiction of African Americans. Reciting a line about a black “brother,” Bobby looks at Stevie and realizes he is setting a poor role model for his younger sibling. He walks off set, declaring he’d rather work at the post office. That night, he imagines himself as a five-time Academy Award winner, playing heroic roles that have been relegated to white actors. Sometime later, Bobby is cast in a commercial for the U.S. Postal Service.
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