Less Than Zero (1987)

R | 100 mins | Drama | 6 November 1987

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HISTORY

       Less Than Zero is based on the best-selling novel of the same name by Bret Easton Ellis, who wrote the book at age eighteen during his freshman year at Bennington College. Shortly before the novel’s Jun 1985 publication, producer Marvin Worth optioned it for $7,500, according to a 18 Nov 1987 NYT feature. Worth had an agreement with 20th Century Fox vice presidents of production Scott Rudin and Larry Mark to back the project.
       Transforming the story of a passive, bisexual, drug-using college freshman returning home to Beverly Hills, CA, for Christmas break into a commercially viable movie proved problematic because the novel lacked a plotline, tending instead to be vignettes of the sexual escapades and drug use of the morally bankrupt characters’ lives. Shortly after the book’s publication, Ellis told LA Style magazine in its Aug 1985 issue that he did not know how they could make a movie of the book.
       Producer Worth hired Michael Cristofer, the Pulitzer-Prize winning author of The Shadow Box (1977), to write the screenplay, but his script was rejected by 20th Century Fox officials as being too harsh and depressing. Fox gave the project to producer Jon Avnet, who hired first-time screenwriter Harley Peyton, a former script reader. Peyton, working closely with Avnet, reshaped the story to make it into a sort of love story focusing on the friendship between three high school friends, two of them heroically struggling to get the third one off drugs. In writing the script, Peyton threw out many elements of the book, including the main character’s bisexuality and drug use, a twelve-year-old girl being tied ...

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       Less Than Zero is based on the best-selling novel of the same name by Bret Easton Ellis, who wrote the book at age eighteen during his freshman year at Bennington College. Shortly before the novel’s Jun 1985 publication, producer Marvin Worth optioned it for $7,500, according to a 18 Nov 1987 NYT feature. Worth had an agreement with 20th Century Fox vice presidents of production Scott Rudin and Larry Mark to back the project.
       Transforming the story of a passive, bisexual, drug-using college freshman returning home to Beverly Hills, CA, for Christmas break into a commercially viable movie proved problematic because the novel lacked a plotline, tending instead to be vignettes of the sexual escapades and drug use of the morally bankrupt characters’ lives. Shortly after the book’s publication, Ellis told LA Style magazine in its Aug 1985 issue that he did not know how they could make a movie of the book.
       Producer Worth hired Michael Cristofer, the Pulitzer-Prize winning author of The Shadow Box (1977), to write the screenplay, but his script was rejected by 20th Century Fox officials as being too harsh and depressing. Fox gave the project to producer Jon Avnet, who hired first-time screenwriter Harley Peyton, a former script reader. Peyton, working closely with Avnet, reshaped the story to make it into a sort of love story focusing on the friendship between three high school friends, two of them heroically struggling to get the third one off drugs. In writing the script, Peyton threw out many elements of the book, including the main character’s bisexuality and drug use, a twelve-year-old girl being tied to a bedpost for sex, and a "snuff" film shown at a beach party.
       British director Marek Kanievska was hired to helm Less Than Zero specifically because his acclaimed film Another Country (1984) dealt with a similar theme of teenage sexuality and had succeeded in making unlikable characters appealing. Fox officials held the budget to $8 million.
       Principal photography began 6 May 1987 in Los Angeles, CA, according to the 19 May 1987 HR production chart. Promotional material in AMPAS library files indicated the movie filmed in several trendy Los Angeles-area clubs including Scream, Power Tools, Vertigo, and Shake Shack. A Mediterranean estate in the Hollywood Hills served as the location for the "Wells" family home while the John Lautner “Silvertop” house in the Silverlake area served as the "Easton" home. A modern home in Benedict Canyon was used for the opening “Think Pink” Christmas party where the three main characters reunite. Other locations used included Beverly Hills High School, Mount St. Mary’s College and Leo Carrillo State Beach. The film also shot for three days in the Palm Springs, CA, area at the Maxim’s Suite Hotel, an art gallery on Palm Canyon Drive and in Joshua Tree National Park.
       Test audiences found the characters of “Blair” and “Julian” to be repulsive and unrepentant. Consequently, new scenes were shot including one in which Blair dumps cocaine down the sink and another showing the three main characters in happier times at their high school graduation.
       The film opened 6 Nov 1987 on 871 screens nationwide, earning $3 million in its opening weekend. Reviews were generally negative, focusing primarily on how much the film differed from the novel, several pointing out that the only thing the movie had in common with the book was its title. Eight weeks after release, the film had earned $10.8 million.
       Bret Easton Ellis, who was not involved in the making of the film, told the 6 Jan 1988 Time Out (London) that the final film was not as bad as it could have been, especially considering earlier drafts of the screenplay. He pointed out that not a single line of dialogue from his novel was used in the movie. In assessing its poor box-office performance, Ellis said that America had become more sexually conservative since he wrote the book in 1984, in large part due to fear about contracting Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Ellis also noted that producers were in a precarious position trying not to offend their bosses, reminding Time Out that his novel depicts the lives of Hollywood film executives’ children. Indeed, the film never mentions the occupation of the characters’ parents.


      End credit include thanks from the producers to: “Margery Simkin; Tommy Mottola; City of Beverly Hills; City of Los Angeles Department of Public Works; Palm Springs Film Location Office; Showlites, Inc.; Rado Watch Co., Inc.; Jimmy Z; Optical Radiation Corp.; Proton Corporation; Sony Corporation of America; Mortons Restaurant; Rebecca’s Restaurant; Kurland/Summers Gallery; Eletra Casadei.”

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GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONS
SOURCE CITATIONS
SOURCE
DATE
PAGE
Daily Variety
3 Nov 1987
p. 3, 6
Hollywood Reporter
19 May 1987
---
Hollywood Reporter
4 Nov 1987
p. 3, 21
LA Style
Aug 1985
p. 53, 66
Los Angeles Times
6 Nov 1987
p. 16
New York Times
30 Aug 1987
p. 14
New York Times
6 Nov 1987
p. 23
New York Times
18 Nov 1987
---
Time Out (London)
6 Jan 1988
pp. 24-26
Variety
11 Nov 1987
p. 13
Vogue
Nov 1987
---
CAST
PRODUCTION CREDITS
NAME
PARENT COMPANY
PRODUCTION TEXTS
A Jon Avnet/Jordan Kerner Production
in Association with Marvin Worth
Produced in association with Amercent Films and American Entertainment Partners L.P.
DISTRIBUTION COMPANY
NAME
CREDITED AS
CREDIT
DIRECTORS
Unit prod mgr
1st asst dir
2d asst dir
2d unit prod mgr
Addl 2d asst dir
PRODUCERS
Prod
WRITER
PHOTOGRAPHY
Dir of photog
Cam op
Asst cam
2d asst cam
Steadicam op
Steadicam op
Steadicam op
Herb Ault
Key grip
2d grip
Dolly grip
Grip
Grip
Rigging gaffer
Best boy rigging
Lamp op
Lamp op
Still photog
ART DIRECTORS
Prod des
Art dir
Asst art dir
Story board artist
FILM EDITORS
Apprentice ed
Negative cutter
SET DECORATORS
Set dec
Set dresser
Set dresser
Set dresser
Set dresser
Leadman
Swing gang
Swing gang
Prop master
Asst prop master
Asst prop master
Const coord
Const foreman
Carpenter
Carpenter
Carpenter
Carpenter
Carpenter
Video multiscreen supv
Video multiscreen asst
Video consultant
Visual asst
Scenic artist
Scenic paint foreman
COSTUMES
Cost des
Cost supv
Costumer
Costumer
Costumer
MUSIC
Orig mus by
Mus supv
Mus scoring mixer
Mus scoring mixer
Mus consultant
SOUND
Sd mixer
Boom op
Cable man
Re-rec mixer
Re-rec mixer
Re-rec mixer
Supv sd ed
Sd ed
Sd ed
Foley ed
Supv ADR ed
Asst sd ed
Post prod sd furnished by
VISUAL EFFECTS
Spec eff
Spec eff asst
Titles and opticals
MAKEUP
Makeup artist
Makeup artist
Hairstylist
Asst hairstylist
PRODUCTION MISC
Casting
Scr supv
Ed coord
Asst tech supv
2d unit prod coord
Prod coord
Prod secy
Loc mgr
Asst loc mgr
Asst loc mgr
Prod accountant
Asst accountant
Asst to Mr. Avnet
Asst to Mr. Avnet
Asst to Mr. Kerner
Asst to Mr. Kanievska
Asst to Mr. Kanievska
Prod asst
Prod asst
Prod asst
Prod asst
Prod asst
Prod asst
Prod asst
Prod asst
Casting asst
Transportation coord
Transportation capt
Unit pub
Security
Craft service
Loc catering
STAND INS
Stunts
Stunts
Stunts
Stunts
Stunts
Stunts
Stunts
Stunts
Stunts
Stunts
Stunts
Stunts
Stunts
COLOR PERSONNEL
Col timer
SOURCES
LITERARY
Based on the novel Less Than Zero by Bret Easton Ellis (New York, 1985).
LITERARY SOURCE AUTHOR
SONGS
“A Hazy Shade Of Winter,” performed by The Bangles, written by Paul Simon, courtesy of Columbia Records; “Rock And Roll All Nite,” performed by Poison, written by Paul Stanley and Gene Simmons, courtesy of Enigma Records/Capitol Records; “Rocking Pneumonia And The Boogie Woogie Flu,” performed by Aerosmith, written by Huey P. Smith, courtesy of The David Geffen Company; “In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida,” performed by Slayer, written by Doug Ingle, courtesy of Def Jam Recordings; “She’s Lost You,” performed by Joan Jett & The Blackhearts, written by Peter Gage, courtesy of Blackheart/CBS Associated Records; “Bring the Noise,” performed by Public Enemy, written by Carlton Ridenhour, Eric Saddler and Hank Shocklee, courtesy of Def Jam Recordings/Columbia Records; “Are You My Woman,” performed by The Black Flames, written by Eugene Record, courtesy of Def Jam Recordings/Columbia Records; “Going Back To Cali,” performed by L.L. Cool J, written by Rick Rubin and James Todd Smith, courtesy of Def Jam Recordings/Columbia Records; “How To Love Again,” performed by Oran “Juice” Jones and Allyson Williams, written by Vinnie Bell and Frederick Gordon, courtesy of Def Jam Recordings/Columbia Records; “You And Me” (“Less Than Zero”), performed by Glen Danzig and The Power and Fury Orchestra, written by Glen Danzig and Rick Rubin, courtesy of Def Jam Recordings/Columbia Records; “Life Fades Away,” performed by Roy Orbison, written by Glen Danzig and Roy Orbison, courtesy of Virgin Records; “Abele Dance,” performed by Manu Dibango, words & music by Manu Dibango, courtesy of Celluloid Records; “Psychotic Reaction,” performed by Count Five, words and music by Ellena, Chaney, Atkinson, Byrne & Michalski, courtesy of Hot Shot records; “Christmas In Hollis,” performed by Run-D.M.C., words & music by J. Simmons, E. McDaniels, J. Mizell, courtesy of Profile Records, Inc.; “Bump ‘N Grind,” performed by David Lee Roth, words & music by David Lee Roth and Steve Vai, courtesy of Warner Bros. Records, Inc., by special arrangement with Warner Special Products; “Fight Like A Brave,” performed by Red Hot Chili Peppers, words & music by Flea, Anthony Kiedis, Hillel Slovak, Jack Irons, courtesy of EMI Records; “Li’l Devil,” performed by The Cult, words & music by Ian Robert Astbury and William Henry Duffy, courtesy of Sire Records by arrangement with Warner Special Products/Beggars Banquet Records; “Want Fi Goh Rave,” performed by Linton Kwesi Johnson, words & music by Linton Kwesi Johnson, courtesy of Island Records; “Moonlight Drive,” performed by The Doors, words & music by Ray Manzarek, Jim Morrison, John Densmore, Robby Krieger, courtesy of Elektra Records by special arrangement with Warner Special Products; “Fire,” performed by Jimi Hendrix, words & music by Jimi Hendrix, courtesy of A.R.M. BV.
SONGWRITERS/COMPOSERS
+
DETAILS
Release Date:
6 November 1987
Premiere Information:
Los Angeles and New York openings: 6 Nov 1987
Production Date:
6 May 1987--mid Jul 1987
Copyright Info
Claimant
Date
Copyright Number
Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation
23 November 1987
PA355232
Physical Properties:
Sound
Dolby Stereo ® in Selected Theatres
Color
Prints
Prints by Deluxe®
Duration(in mins):
100
MPAA Rating:
R
Country:
United States
Language:
English
PCA No:
28819
SYNOPSIS

In Beverly Hills, California, three close friends have big plans for the future upon their high school graduation. Passive, straight-laced Clay Easton and his girl friend, Blair, plan to attend an Ivy League university while Clay’s best friend, outgoing partier Julian Wells, plans to start his own record label, Tone Deaf Records. However, by the end of the summer, Blair’s modeling career is revving up and she opts not to go to college, while Julian’s record deal is falling apart. When Clay comes home for Thanksgiving, he catches Blair and Julian in bed together. During Christmas break, Clay is reluctant to go home from college, but receives a call from Blair saying she needs him. In Los Angeles, Clay goes to a lavish “Think Pink” Christmas party where he runs into Rip, a drug dealer who offers him a vial of cocaine. Clay turns it down, but Rip comments, “Old habits never die, they just hibernate.” Clay greets Blair with a kiss, but she is uncomfortable around him and reports that Julian is in trouble. After he leaves, Blair snorts cocaine. When Julian and Clay meet, Julian asks if Clay is still angry about his sleeping with Blair. Clay says, “No,” but Julian calls him a liar. Clay, Blair, and Julian leave the party and go for a joyride in Clay’s vintage red Corvette convertible. At a restaurant, Julian announces that he is about to buy the popular Panic Club nightclub in downtown Los Angeles. Blair takes Clay aside to explain that when Julian lost his money in the failed record deal, he borrowed money from his family, but still could not make the deal work. After that, Julian ...

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In Beverly Hills, California, three close friends have big plans for the future upon their high school graduation. Passive, straight-laced Clay Easton and his girl friend, Blair, plan to attend an Ivy League university while Clay’s best friend, outgoing partier Julian Wells, plans to start his own record label, Tone Deaf Records. However, by the end of the summer, Blair’s modeling career is revving up and she opts not to go to college, while Julian’s record deal is falling apart. When Clay comes home for Thanksgiving, he catches Blair and Julian in bed together. During Christmas break, Clay is reluctant to go home from college, but receives a call from Blair saying she needs him. In Los Angeles, Clay goes to a lavish “Think Pink” Christmas party where he runs into Rip, a drug dealer who offers him a vial of cocaine. Clay turns it down, but Rip comments, “Old habits never die, they just hibernate.” Clay greets Blair with a kiss, but she is uncomfortable around him and reports that Julian is in trouble. After he leaves, Blair snorts cocaine. When Julian and Clay meet, Julian asks if Clay is still angry about his sleeping with Blair. Clay says, “No,” but Julian calls him a liar. Clay, Blair, and Julian leave the party and go for a joyride in Clay’s vintage red Corvette convertible. At a restaurant, Julian announces that he is about to buy the popular Panic Club nightclub in downtown Los Angeles. Blair takes Clay aside to explain that when Julian lost his money in the failed record deal, he borrowed money from his family, but still could not make the deal work. After that, Julian spent most of his time getting high on drugs because he could not face his father. The three go to another party where Rip confronts Julian, wanting the $50,000 Julian owes him. Julian promises to give Rip the money once his deal for the Panic Club goes through, but in the meantime, he wants Rip to front him a gram of cocaine. Rip gives Julian the drug. Blair apologizes for sleeping with Julian, but Clay says it does not matter anymore. Blair explains that when Clay left for college, Julian needed someone and she needed someone, so the two of them got together. Now, however, Blair needs Clay’s help dealing with Julian’s drug addiction. The next day, Clay goes to observe one of Blair’s modeling shoots and finds her doing lines of cocaine in her dressing room. Blair insists she can stop doing the drug any time, and that Julian is the one who has a drug problem. Julian goes to visit his uncle, Robert “Bob” Wells, asking to borrow $15,000 to take over the Panic Club. Uncle Bob agrees to go look at the place. Clay sees Blair at a nightclub. They start kissing and leave the club together, making out while he drives. They return to her loft apartment and have sex. The next morning, Clay asks Blair to return to college with him when he leaves in a week. Later, Bill, one of Rip’s men, comes to Blair’s apartment looking for Julian. Meanwhile, Julian breaks into his family home and sets off the burglar alarm. His father, Benjamin Wells, tells him to leave or he will call the police. Clay and Blair search for Julian and find him sleeping on the rocks near the shore at Zuma Beach. Julian attempts to apologize to Clay, saying that Blair was there for him when he needed someone. He reports the sex was good, but it was not love. On Christmas Eve, Julian takes his Uncle Bob to see the Panic Club, but Bob reports that he cannot give him the money, explaining that Julian’s father advised against it. Soon after, Julian goes to a friend’s house and smokes crack cocaine. Rip comes to the house demanding his money. When Julian reports he does not have the money and has no idea where he will get it, Rip suggests that Julian can work for him as a male prostitute. Rip has Bill take Julian to a seedy motel, where he performs sexual services on a man. Afterward, when Bill tells Julian that they have two more people to service before the night is over, Julian panics and runs away. At the Easton family Christmas Eve dinner, Clay and Blair sneak out and have sex in the breezeway. Later, Clay finds Julian hiding at the swimming pool. When Julian asks for $50,000 to pay off his drug debt, Clay says he does not have that much money, but goes to ask his father for it. Julian sneaks inside Clay’s house and steals his mother’s jewelry. Clay and Blair look for Julian at nightclubs around town, but cannot find him. When Blair snorts cocaine offered to her, Clay says she is “a mess.” They return to Blair’s loft and discover Julian there, physically ill from drug withdrawal. Clay and Blair nurse him, while Blair explains she has helped Julian through withdrawal many times in recent months. The next morning, Christmas Day, Clay tells Rip he will find a way to pay Julian’s drug debt, even if it means selling his sports car. Meanwhile, Julian goes to beg his father to let him stay at home for a night, but his father refuses, reminding him of all the damage he has already done to the family with his lies and stealing. His father promises that if Julian can stay off drugs for a week, then he will do everything he can to help him. Blair and Clay return to her apartment and find it trashed by Rip’s men. They also find a message from Julian on her answering machine saying he is going to Palm Springs, California, to confront Rip. In Palm Springs, Rip tells Julian he is a “junkie” and cannot quit drugs, so it is best for Julian to continue to pay off his debt via prostitution. Bill gives Julian some crack cocaine to smoke, then takes him to service some men at a party. Clay learns where Julian is and breaks into the party, dragging his friend away. Meanwhile, someone offers Blair cocaine, but she dumps it down the drain. Clay gets into a fistfight with Rip, telling him to leave Julian alone. Clay, Blair and Julian drive away in his red convertible, but as they ride through the desert, Julian’s heart stops and he dies in the car. After the funeral, Clay asks Blair to return with him to college on the East Coast and she accepts.

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Legend
Viewed by AFI
Partially Viewed
Offscreen Credit
Name Occurs Before Title
AFI Life Achievement Award

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