Thousand Pieces of Gold
(1991)
105 mins | Drama | 26 April 1991
Director:
Nancy KellyWriter:
Anne MakepeaceProducers:
Kenji Yamamoto, Nancy KellyCinematographer:
Bobby BukowskiEditor:
Kenji YamamotoProduction Designer:
Dan BishopProduction Companies:
TPOG Productions, American Playhouse Theatrical Films, Maverick Films International, Ltd.The film begins with voice-over narration by actress Rosalind Chao, in the role of “Lalu.” Although Lalu, who is Chinese, does not learn to speak English until midway through the picture, the narration is in English. Shortly after the picture begins, Lalu’s name is changed to “Polly.” The film concludes with a title card that states: “Polly and Charlie Bemis lived out their natural lives together at their homestead on the River of No Return.”
Thousand Pieces of Gold is based on Ruthanne Lum McCunn’s 1981 novel of the same name, which a 19 May 1991 SFChron article described as “half fact, half fiction.” McCunn’s book recounts the life of Lalu Nathoy, a Chinese woman who, after migrating to the U.S., became known as Polly Bemis. Scholar Priscilla Wegars, who wrote a 2003 children’s book entitled, Polly Bemis: A Chinese American Pioneer, noted: “Almost nothing is known about [Polly’s] life or her family except that she was born in northern China, near Beijing on September 11, 1853. Polly arrived in Idaho in 1872 at age eighteen. After living there for more than sixty years, Polly Bemis died on November 6, 1933, when she was eighty years old.” Wegars’s research stated that Polly lived in Warren, ID, as opposed to the film’s township of “Warren’s Diggins,” and there was no official account of how she acquired her freedom. Polly married Charlie Bemis in 1894, and lived with him along the Salmon River, north of Warren. The Salmon River is commonly referred to as the “River of No Return.”
The SFChron reported that director Nancy Kelly and her husband, editor Kenji ...
The film begins with voice-over narration by actress Rosalind Chao, in the role of “Lalu.” Although Lalu, who is Chinese, does not learn to speak English until midway through the picture, the narration is in English. Shortly after the picture begins, Lalu’s name is changed to “Polly.” The film concludes with a title card that states: “Polly and Charlie Bemis lived out their natural lives together at their homestead on the River of No Return.”
Thousand Pieces of Gold is based on Ruthanne Lum McCunn’s 1981 novel of the same name, which a 19 May 1991 SFChron article described as “half fact, half fiction.” McCunn’s book recounts the life of Lalu Nathoy, a Chinese woman who, after migrating to the U.S., became known as Polly Bemis. Scholar Priscilla Wegars, who wrote a 2003 children’s book entitled, Polly Bemis: A Chinese American Pioneer, noted: “Almost nothing is known about [Polly’s] life or her family except that she was born in northern China, near Beijing on September 11, 1853. Polly arrived in Idaho in 1872 at age eighteen. After living there for more than sixty years, Polly Bemis died on November 6, 1933, when she was eighty years old.” Wegars’s research stated that Polly lived in Warren, ID, as opposed to the film’s township of “Warren’s Diggins,” and there was no official account of how she acquired her freedom. Polly married Charlie Bemis in 1894, and lived with him along the Salmon River, north of Warren. The Salmon River is commonly referred to as the “River of No Return.”
The SFChron reported that director Nancy Kelly and her husband, editor Kenji Yamamoto, “optioned” the rights to McCunn’s book in 1985. Kelly and Yamamoto, who also served as producers, commissioned a script from screenwriter Anne Makepeace for $60,000. The trio received creative support from the Sundance Institute, and the resulting script garnered some financial backing from “American Playhouse,” a Public Broadcasting Services (PBS) series.
In a 26 Apr 1991 article on actress Rosalind Chao, the Seattle Times stated that director Nancy Kelly had discussed the project with Chao in 1986. However, the actress did not audition for the role of Lalu/Polly until several years later, when financing had been secured. In late 1989, an unnamed Hong Kong company provided the funding necessary to complete the project, according to SFChron.
Filming on the $2 million picture began in early 1989. According to production notes, principal photography took place over thirty-five days in the state of Montana. Filmmakers used the historically preserved community of Nevada City, located southwest of Yellowstone National Park, to represent “Warren’s Diggins.” Nevada City, noted for its Gold Rush-era buildings, had also been used in the production of Little Big Man, (1970, see entry). For the sequence set in San Francisco, CA, the filmmakers shot in Butte, MT. The picture marked documentarian Nancy Kelly’s dramatic feature debut.
A 3 May 1990 DV review indicated that Thousand Pieces of Gold screened at the San Francisco Film Festival on 30 Apr 1990. The film also played at the 1990 Seattle International Film Festival.
Six months later, Kelly and Yamamoto still had not found a distributor for their film. However, the tremendous success of Kevin Costner’s Dances with Wolves (1990, see entry) may have aided their cause. As noted by various contemporary sources, including SFChron, Las Vegas-based Greycat Films acquired Thousand Pieces of Gold in late Nov, after the 21 Nov 1990 release of Dances with Wolves. Greycat planned to distribute Thousand Pieces of Gold in “twenty major cities.”
According to a 26 Apr 1991 Seattle Times review, the film made its world premiere on 19 Apr 1991 in Lewiston, ID. A week later, on 26 Apr 1991, the picture opened in Seattle, WA. A 5 Aug 1991 Var article reported that Thousand Pieces of Gold earned “nearly $500,000” during its first few months in release in the western U.S. The film, which received generally positive reviews, was scheduled to open in Boston, MA, and New York City in Sep 1991.
End credits include the following acknowledgments: “Thanks to: Gil & Libby Evans; Dr. JoHanna Reilly; Anheuser Busch; Frye Boots; Bob & Joe’s Wholesale, Butte; Kessler Beer; Corn Nuts, Inc.; Osh Kosh B’Gosh; Crystal Geyser Mineral Water; Pabst Blue Ribbon; Monarch Imports/Tsing Tao Beer; Wrangler Jeans; The World Museum of Mining, Butte, Montana,” and, “Special thanks to: Mitchell Block; Tim Ayers; The Pier 42 Group; Doro Bachrach; Jim & Bitsy Quinn; Don Briggs; Martin Rosen; Rita Cahill; Michelle Satter; Roy Diner; Jean Shelton; Norma Douglas; Janet Stone; Randa Haines; Peter Wang; Ginger Harmon; L. Leland Whitney; Jennifer Lawson; The people of Ennis, Butte, and Virginia City, Montana and Garry Wunderwald of the Montana Film Commission and TPOG Productions II: A California Limited Partnership.” End credits also state that the movie was: “Filmed at Bovey Restorations, Inc., Nevada City, Montana"; Developed in association with the Sundance Institute"; and, "Produced in association with American Playhouse, with funds from Public Television Stations, The Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the National Endowment for the Arts and the Chubb Group of Insurance Companies.”
In 1880s Northern China, a severe drought threatens the livelihood of a strong-willed young woman and her nomadic family. One morning, she is awakened by her father and sold to a man bound for San Francisco, California. There, she is sold for a second time to a man who does not identify himself. After the transaction, the man takes the woman to an elegant hotel, where he locks her inside her room. The bewildered woman washes her face and drapes a red wedding scarf over her head. When the man returns, however, he explains that he is not her intended husband, but rather Li Po, or “Jim,” her escort. Jim and the young woman grow close as they travel by mule train to a gold-mining town in Idaho. At the end of the long journey, Jim introduces the Chinese woman to her new “husband,” Hong King, a saloon manager. She is dismayed at Hong King’s aged appearance, and becomes irritated when he changes her name from “Lalu” to “Polly.” Later, he forces her to have sex with him. In the morning, one of the local prostitutes dresses Polly in elegant clothes and arranges her hair. Charlie Bemis, the saloon owner, walks the made-up woman through the town of Warren’s Diggins, describing the settlement’s neighborhoods and establishments. That evening, the saloon is crowded with men eager to see the beautiful Polly, who has unwittingly become a prostitute. However, the Chinese woman provokes a commotion by denying her first customer. She insists she will not be a “wife” to a “hundred men,” and threatens to kill herself if Hong King does not show her respect. Charlie Bemis interrupts the dispute, reminding ...
In 1880s Northern China, a severe drought threatens the livelihood of a strong-willed young woman and her nomadic family. One morning, she is awakened by her father and sold to a man bound for San Francisco, California. There, she is sold for a second time to a man who does not identify himself. After the transaction, the man takes the woman to an elegant hotel, where he locks her inside her room. The bewildered woman washes her face and drapes a red wedding scarf over her head. When the man returns, however, he explains that he is not her intended husband, but rather Li Po, or “Jim,” her escort. Jim and the young woman grow close as they travel by mule train to a gold-mining town in Idaho. At the end of the long journey, Jim introduces the Chinese woman to her new “husband,” Hong King, a saloon manager. She is dismayed at Hong King’s aged appearance, and becomes irritated when he changes her name from “Lalu” to “Polly.” Later, he forces her to have sex with him. In the morning, one of the local prostitutes dresses Polly in elegant clothes and arranges her hair. Charlie Bemis, the saloon owner, walks the made-up woman through the town of Warren’s Diggins, describing the settlement’s neighborhoods and establishments. That evening, the saloon is crowded with men eager to see the beautiful Polly, who has unwittingly become a prostitute. However, the Chinese woman provokes a commotion by denying her first customer. She insists she will not be a “wife” to a “hundred men,” and threatens to kill herself if Hong King does not show her respect. Charlie Bemis interrupts the dispute, reminding Hong King that forcing Polly to be a prostitute, within the confines of the saloon, would break their lease agreement. Frustrated, Hong King relents and tells Polly she will work as his servant to earn back the money he spent to buy her. In the weeks that follow, Polly executes menial tasks under her master’s watchful eye. One night, Charlie Bemis dances with Polly, rescuing her from the advances of rough men at the saloon. He attempts to communicate with the woman, who speaks little English, and advises her to tell the men she is not a prostitute. He gives Polly a knife for her own protection, and she smiles in appreciation. Sometime later, while running errands for Hong King, Polly is delighted to discover “Chinatown.” She enters an apothecary and sees Charlie receiving acupuncture. However, she is too shy to speak to him. On another day, Polly stops at a brothel to collect laundry and demonstrates her increasing command of English while learning to make an apple pie. As she washes laundry in the nearby river, Charlie appears with a bouquet of flowers. Polly says little, but reveals that Hong King’s name for her, “Polly,” is merely an epithet. Later, Polly argues with Charlie about her desire to escape back to China, but he points out that she does not have the means to live as a free woman. A few days later, Polly’s initial escort to Idaho, Li Po “Jim,” proudly returns to Warren’s Diggins township with citizenship papers and declares his love for Polly. Later, Jim attempts to buy Polly, but Hong King sets the price at a staggering $3,000. However, Jim agrees to come back to town with the money. That night, he and Polly make love. In the morning, the lovers exchange tender goodbyes. While scrubbing the saloon floor later that day, Polly finds a small piece of gold. Hong King accuses her of stealing and punishes her with sex slavery. That night, the miners buy tickets to have sex with the Chinese woman, but Charlie Bemis interrupts Hong King’s plans, and invites the hustler to play a game of poker. As the two play cards and become intoxicated, Charlie stakes the deed to his saloon against Polly’s freedom. He wins the game and escorts Polly to his home, kissing her passionately. She is upset by his provocative behavior, and Charlie falls on his bed in a drunken daze. The next morning, he tells Polly she is welcome to stay at his house until she decides what to do next. She continues to work her laundry route, pleased that she is finally able to keep her earnings. Charlie sets up a separate bedroom for her, and the two become comfortable domestic companions. Some time later, Jim returns to Warren’s Diggins township. Although Polly is overjoyed at the sight of her former lover, Jim perceives her living arrangement with Charlie as a betrayal and leaves without speaking to her. Heartbroken, Polly decides to move out of Charlie’s house, but Charlie is enraged by her plan to become manager of the town boarding house. Several months later, Polly overhears a group of American-born miners rallying to drive Chinese immigrants out of town. Although Charlie stands up for the immigrants, he is drunk and the miners ridicule him. Later, Charlie encounters Polly leaving his house, and finds that she has left him two apple pies. The reconciled friends attend a Chinese New Year festival. Amidst the noise of fireworks, a group of American miners shoot their pistols toward the festivities, and Charlie is struck in the face by a stray bullet. Polly sits by his bedside for weeks while he recuperates, and by spring, the two have fallen in love. Relations between the white prospectors and the Chinese continue to deteriorate, until an official decree states that the immigrants must leave town. Hong King stubbornly refuses to vacate the saloon but Charlie convinces him to flee to San Francisco. Back at Charlie’s house, Polly maps a route to return to her family in China. Charlie tries to convince her to marry him, but she tearfully declines. As she rides her horse out of town, Polly crosses paths with Hong King, who boasts about starting a new life in San Francisco. Polly shuns her former tormentor, turning her horse around and riding back to Charlie, with whom she spends the rest of her life.
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