1941
(1979)
PG | 116 mins | Comedy-drama | 14 December 1979
Cast:
Dan Aykroyd, Ned Beatty, John Belushi [ More ]Director:
Steven SpielbergWriters:
Robert Zemeckis, Bob Gale, John MiliusProducer:
Buzz FeitshansCinematographer:
William A. FrakerEditor:
Michael KahnProduction Designer:
Dean Edward MitznerProduction Companies:
A-Team Productions, Universal PicturesTitle cards introduce the film with the following information: “On December 7, 1941, the Naval Air Arm of the Imperial Japanese Fleet, in a surprise attack, struck the United States Naval Base at Pearl Harbor and hurtled an unsuspecting America into World War II. American citizens were stunned, shocked and outraged at this treacherous attack. On the West Coast, paranoia gripped the entire population as panic-stricken citizens were convinced that California was the next target of the Imperial Japanese forces. Major General Joseph W. Stilwell, Commander of the Army Third Corps, was given the responsibility of defending Southern California. Army and Marine units were mobilized. Anti-aircraft defense batteries were manned and made ready. Civilian Defense operations sprang into action. For the first time since the Civil War, American citizens prepared to defend their homeland against an enemy whose first assault was expected anywhere, at any time, and in any force...”
The following title cards identify places and times during the film’s twenty-four-hour span: “The Northern California Coast, Saturday, December 13, 1941, 7:01 A.M....”; “Death Valley, California, High Noon...”; “Daugherty Field, Long Beach, California. 2:03 P.M….”; “The Douglas Home, Santa Monica, California, 2:08 P.M. …”; “Ocean Amusement Park,” Santa Monica, California, 6:39 P.M...”; “Hollywood Boulevard, 7:35 P.M..”;. “501st Bomb Disbursement Unit, Barstow, California, 9:08 P.M…”
Principal photography began 16 Nov 1978 in Los Angeles, CA, according to the 22 Nov 1978 Var, and ended 16 May 1979, whereupon the production began working on miniature effects, the 17 May 1979 DV noted. The 28 Apr 1978 DV and 3 May 1978 Var reported that Warner Bros. animation director Chuck Jones, best known for ...
Title cards introduce the film with the following information: “On December 7, 1941, the Naval Air Arm of the Imperial Japanese Fleet, in a surprise attack, struck the United States Naval Base at Pearl Harbor and hurtled an unsuspecting America into World War II. American citizens were stunned, shocked and outraged at this treacherous attack. On the West Coast, paranoia gripped the entire population as panic-stricken citizens were convinced that California was the next target of the Imperial Japanese forces. Major General Joseph W. Stilwell, Commander of the Army Third Corps, was given the responsibility of defending Southern California. Army and Marine units were mobilized. Anti-aircraft defense batteries were manned and made ready. Civilian Defense operations sprang into action. For the first time since the Civil War, American citizens prepared to defend their homeland against an enemy whose first assault was expected anywhere, at any time, and in any force...”
The following title cards identify places and times during the film’s twenty-four-hour span: “The Northern California Coast, Saturday, December 13, 1941, 7:01 A.M....”; “Death Valley, California, High Noon...”; “Daugherty Field, Long Beach, California. 2:03 P.M….”; “The Douglas Home, Santa Monica, California, 2:08 P.M. …”; “Ocean Amusement Park,” Santa Monica, California, 6:39 P.M...”; “Hollywood Boulevard, 7:35 P.M..”;. “501st Bomb Disbursement Unit, Barstow, California, 9:08 P.M…”
Principal photography began 16 Nov 1978 in Los Angeles, CA, according to the 22 Nov 1978 Var, and ended 16 May 1979, whereupon the production began working on miniature effects, the 17 May 1979 DV noted. The 28 Apr 1978 DV and 3 May 1978 Var reported that Warner Bros. animation director Chuck Jones, best known for creating “Bugs Bunny” and “Wile E. Coyote,” was hired to suggest gags and “help with the timing,” but he is not listed in credits. Actor Steve Guttenberg was offered one of the lead roles, according to the 15 Nov 1978 HR, but he declined in favor of another film. Hollywood agent Meyer Mishkin was asked to play himself, but the Screen Actors Guild denied the request because its rules preclude agents from working as actors. Actor Ignatius Wolfington portrayed Mishkin instead. Also, director Steven Spielberg wanted Charlene Tilton to star in the film, the 10 Oct 1978 HR noted, but she was not available.
Spielberg wanted to shoot for ten days at the fabled corner of Hollywood Boulevard and Vine Street in Hollywood, but “complicated logistics” of dealing with area property owners and dressing up the corner to look like 1941, not to mention the $1.5-million cost, were too prohibitive, the 26 Jul 1978 Var reported.
In a documentary included in the DVD release of 1941, Spielberg admitted that, in retrospect, the film was “over the top.” Though generally unpopular in America, it did well overseas. According to writer Robert Zemeckis, he originally pitched executive producer John Milius an idea inspired by real events: In Feb 1942, a Japanese submarine shelled an oil field in Santa Barbara, CA, and when an air raid siren sounded in Los Angeles a couple of days later, authorities blacked out the city for six hours. Milius called the project The Night the Japs Attacked, and the title remained during the next year and a half of script development. A story line added later was based on Los Angeles’s 1943 “Zoot Suit Riots,” in which American servicemen fought with Mexican-American pachucos wearing “hipster” suits inspired by earlier black entertainers, such as Cab Calloway. Co-screenwriter Bob Gale recalled that the film began at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), with Herb Jaffe as producer, but the studio rejected the project. When Milius took the script to Spielberg, the young director was intrigued by a scene in which an amusement park Ferris wheel rolled down a pier and into the ocean. Zemeckis and Gale worked on the script with Spielberg while he was filming Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977, see entry). By the eighth or ninth draft, the budget had already topped $11 million. “Wally” became the script’s unifying character. Two smaller roles—“Wild Bill Kelso” and “Hollis ‘Holly’ Wood”—were enhanced after John Belushi and Slim Pickens were cast; Belushi was reportedly paid $350,000, the 18 Sep 1978 DV noted. John Wayne and Charlton Heston were Spielberg’s first choices for “General Stilwell,” but the veteran actors reportedly disliked the film’s “anti-Americanism.” According to the 27 Sep 1978 HR, Jimmy Stewart also turned down the role. Jackie Gleason and Art Carney, former costars of the 1950s television show The Honeymooners (CBS, 1 Oct 1955 – 9 May 1971), were the inspirations for the “Claude Crumm” and “Herbie Kaziminsky” characters on the Ferris wheel, but Gleason refused to work with Carney. Zemeckis and Gale rewrote Herbie’s part for Eddie Deezen, who had co-starred in Zemeckis’s first feature directorial effort, I Wanna Hold Your Hand (1978, see entry). The film was also executive produced by Spielberg and written by Zemeckis and Gale, and featured 1941 actors Bobby Di Cicco, Nancy Allen, and Wendie Jo Sperber. On the set of 1941, Murray Hamilton reportedly hated Deezen, and told Spielberg he had no problem playing the part of the Herbie-hating Claude. John Milius performed an uncredited cameo as a crazed Santa Claus. The film’s opening scene was a homage to the opening scene of Jaws (1975, see entry) and featured the same swimmer, Susan Backlinie. Spielberg also included a reference to his first television film, Duel (1971), by shooting a 1941 scene with Lucille Bensen at the same desert gas station/café location. Director of photography William A. Fraker brought the newly developed Louma crane from France to shoot miniatures and the Hollywood USO dance scene. The Hollywood Boulevard set was built on Stage 16 at Warner Bros. Studios in Burbank, CA, and Pacific Ocean Park was built on Stage 30 at MGM in Culver City, CA.
Working titles The Night the Japs Attacked, The Day the Japs Bombed Los Angeles, and similar permutations were later dismissed because the word “Jap” was derogatory, but Universal Pictures also initially rejected 1941, because it evoked the recent, relatively unsuccessful film 1900 (1976), the 6 Jan 1978 LAHExam reported. For a time, the movie was called Rising Sun.
Columbia Pictures and Universal pushed back the opening of 1941 from 16 Nov 1979 to 14 Dec 1979 after a disastrous preview screening for exhibitors and studio executives in Dallas, TX, according to the 31 Oct 1979 Var. Claiming the preview was a test, Spielberg re-edited the first forty-five minutes. The 16 Nov 1979 DV reported that Spielberg trimmed seventeen minutes from the film, and at the same time shot a new ending with John Belushi delivering the movie’s final line, the 7 Nov 1979 Var noted. The 12 Dec 1979 DV reported that the film’s final cost was $26.5 million.
According to the 12 Dec 1979 Var, Universal “softened” its contractual terms with theater owners after the Dallas screening. Among the studio’s concessions was a reduction of required booking from eight weeks to six weeks.
Reviews were mixed, but critics generally disliked the comedy, with the 14 Dec 1979 NYT complaining that “Everything is too big,” and he 19 Dec 1979 Var faulting its lack of “cohesiveness and magic.”
1941 was nominated for three Academy Awards in the following categories: Cinematography (William A. Fraker); Sound (Buzz Knudson, Robert Glass, Don MacDougall, and Gene S. Cantamessa); and Visual Effects (William A. Fraker, A. D. Flowers, and Gregory Jein).
End credits include the following acknowledgment: “Film excerpt from Dumbo.” The film’s dedication is: “For Charlsie Bryant.” Bryant was a script supervisor on previous Steven Spielberg films who died just before 1941 went into production.
The Day the Japs Bombed Los Angeles
The Night the Japs Attacked
On 13 December 1941, on California’s Pacific coast, a nude swimmer grabs onto the periscope of a Japanese submarine as it rises from the water. Commander Mitamura, German officer Von Kleinschmidt, and several Japanese sailors emerge from the hatch without seeing the woman perched above them. Mitamura wants to demoralize Americans by attacking Hollywood, but does not know his location because his compass stopped working. Meanwhile, in the Los Angeles kitchen of Malcolmb’s Café, fry cook Wally practices his “jitterbug” dance steps as he wiggles into the dining area to serve coffee to U.S. soldiers Sergeant Frank Tree, Corporal Chuck “Stretch” Sitarski, and Private First Class Foley. Sitarski is insulted by Wally’s “Pearl Harbor” Hawaiian shirt, due to the Japanese attack on the U.S. Navy base a week earlier. A fight ensues, and when the soldiers leave, the owner fires Wally and his co-worker, Dennis. At the Crystal Ballroom, Miss Fitzroy teaches her new United Service Organization (USO) hostesses, including Betty Douglas and Maxine, how to behave at the dance that night. Betty is distressed because she wants to dance with Wally, but civilian males are not allowed to attend. Elsewhere, Wally tries on a “Zoot” suit at a department store, as Dennis sneaks in with a hand-cranked air raid siren. Shoppers are already nervous because of news reports about a possible Japanese invasion, so when Dennis sounds the siren, customers and employees run, while Wally walks out wearing the Zoot suit. Meanwhile, in Death Valley, U.S. Army Air Corps pilot Captain Wild Bill Kelso lands his airplane at a highway gas station market. When he disembarks, the airplane drifts away from the pump, spilling gasoline, and Kelso accidentally ...
On 13 December 1941, on California’s Pacific coast, a nude swimmer grabs onto the periscope of a Japanese submarine as it rises from the water. Commander Mitamura, German officer Von Kleinschmidt, and several Japanese sailors emerge from the hatch without seeing the woman perched above them. Mitamura wants to demoralize Americans by attacking Hollywood, but does not know his location because his compass stopped working. Meanwhile, in the Los Angeles kitchen of Malcolmb’s Café, fry cook Wally practices his “jitterbug” dance steps as he wiggles into the dining area to serve coffee to U.S. soldiers Sergeant Frank Tree, Corporal Chuck “Stretch” Sitarski, and Private First Class Foley. Sitarski is insulted by Wally’s “Pearl Harbor” Hawaiian shirt, due to the Japanese attack on the U.S. Navy base a week earlier. A fight ensues, and when the soldiers leave, the owner fires Wally and his co-worker, Dennis. At the Crystal Ballroom, Miss Fitzroy teaches her new United Service Organization (USO) hostesses, including Betty Douglas and Maxine, how to behave at the dance that night. Betty is distressed because she wants to dance with Wally, but civilian males are not allowed to attend. Elsewhere, Wally tries on a “Zoot” suit at a department store, as Dennis sneaks in with a hand-cranked air raid siren. Shoppers are already nervous because of news reports about a possible Japanese invasion, so when Dennis sounds the siren, customers and employees run, while Wally walks out wearing the Zoot suit. Meanwhile, in Death Valley, U.S. Army Air Corps pilot Captain Wild Bill Kelso lands his airplane at a highway gas station market. When he disembarks, the airplane drifts away from the pump, spilling gasoline, and Kelso accidentally blows up the station while chasing after his plane. At Daugherty Field in Long Beach, Major General Joseph W. Stilwell ignores intelligence warnings from his secretary, Donna Stratton, that city reservoirs are in danger of sabotage, and disregards a telegram from Colonel “Madman” Maddox stating that the Japanese have a hidden airfield near Pomona. Stilwell’s aide, Captain Loomis Birkhead, tries to rekindle a relationship with Donna Stratton, luring her into a P-17 bomber and nearly seducing her in the cockpit. Loomis accidentally drops a bomb onto the tarmac, which explodes a short distance from General Stilwell as he addresses the press. Meanwhile, Betty and Maxine return to the Douglas’s seaside family home in Santa Monica, and find Wally hiding in the garage. Maxine informs him that they can only dance with servicemen at the ballroom, adding that he would never be admitted wearing his Zoot suit. Sgt. Frank Tree’s motor pool crew arrives at the Douglas house, places an anti-aircraft gun on the front lawn overlooking the ocean, and assures them that a gun crew will arrive later. Cpl. Sitarski tries to seduce Betty, but finds Wally in the garage, and tosses him into a trash truck. As he is driven away, Wally shouts that he will meet Betty at the USO dance at 8:00. Next door, Civil Defense guard Angelo Scioli designates Claude Crumm and Herbie Kaziminsky as enemy aircraft spotters on the Ferris wheel at the nearby Ocean Amusement Park. Cdr. Mitamura sends Japanese sailors ashore to determine their position, and they kidnap Christmas tree salesman Hollis “Holly” Wood, thinking the sign on his property says “Hollywood.” Hollis refuses to tell Mitamura where Hollywood is, and when a sailor finds a toy compass prize inside the American’s box of candy-popcorn, Hollis swallows it. The sailors pour prune juice down his throat and wait for him to pass the compass, but Hollis escapes. At Ocean Amusement Park, Herbie, his ventriloquist dummy, and Claude sit atop the motionless Ferris wheel, watching for airplanes. In Hollywood, Stilwell gets a message from Col. Madman Maddox that Japanese troops are parachuting into Barstow. Loomis Birkhead convinces the general to let him drive to Barstow and make certain the crazed colonel does not commandeer airplanes. At the mention of airplanes, Donna Stratton volunteers to accompany him. Gen. Stilwell relaxes by watching Dumbo, a Walt Disney animated movie, at a Hollywood Boulevard theater. Across the street, Wally tries to get into the USO dance, but falls into the hands of Cpl. Sitarski, who is “absent without leave” (AWOL). Sitarski sets Wally’s Zoot suit on fire and drags Betty into the ballroom. On the submarine, Japanese sailors hear a radio broadcast of the USO show, and Mitamura locks on the signal to determine Hollywood’s coordinates. Meanwhile, Wally steals an unconscious Navy Shore Patrol sailor’s uniform and enters the dance. As Wally jitterbugs with Betty, Sitarski and the angry, half-nude Shore Patrol sailor beat him unconscious, sparking a brawl. At their barracks, Sgt. Tree’s men are given an assignment to drive a tank into Hollywood. In Barstow, Loomis and Donna look for airplanes, and Madman Maddox informs them he has only an old trainer aircraft with no radio. Loomis and Donna board the plane, and as it becomes airborne, Donna becomes sexually aroused. Maddox sends Wild Bill Kelso in pursuit of Loomis to find the purported Japanese airfield. Meanwhile, Loomis’s radio cannot receive calls from suspicious Civil Defense authorities, who react by contacting “Interceptor Command.” In Hollywood, Sgt. Tree and his soldiers arrive at the USO ballroom riot in a tank, where he tries to calm everyone with a patriotic speech. Meanwhile, Interceptor Command puts the American military on “Condition Red” alert, and sirens are heard around the city. In Santa Monica, Ward Douglas spots Mitamura’s Japanese submarine through his binoculars. Gen. Stilwell exits the movie theater and takes command. As Loomis and Donna make love while flying over Hollywood, anti-aircraft guns open fire. At the ballroom, Wally awakens, grabs an Army jacket, and searches for Betty, but Tree mistakes him for a sergeant and commandeers him for emergency duty. Tree is accidentally knocked unconscious in the melee, and Wally takes over the tank unit. In the air, Wild Bill Kelso chases Loomis and forces him to crash-land in the La Brea Tar Pits. Elsewhere, Ward Douglas and Angelo Scioli take control of the abandoned anti-aircraft gun. On the Ferris wheel, Claude and Herbie see the submarine, as does Wild Bill Kelso. Mistaking Kelso for an enemy pilot, Herbie fires his rifle and sets the plane on fire. Back in Hollywood, Sitarski forces himself upon Betty, until Wally knocks out the rogue soldier and embraces her with a kiss. Wild Bill Kelso crash-lands his airplane on Hollywood Boulevard and warns Wally that a Japanese submarine is anchored off the coast at Ocean Amusement Park. Wally, Dennis, Betty, and the tank crew head toward Santa Monica, and Wild Bill follows on a stolen motorcycle. When Ward fires the anti-aircraft gun at the submarine, he mistakenly shoots a hole through his own house. Angelo sends one of Ward’s boys with a key to activate the Ferris wheel and rescue Claude and Herbie, but the lad pulls the master switch instead and lights up the amusement park. Thinking he has finally found Hollywood, Mitamura opens fire on the park and deploys a torpedo that knocks the Ferris wheel off its supports. The big wheel rolls down a pier and falls into the ocean, just as Wally, Betty, and the soldiers arrive in the tank. Wally takes the vehicle to the end of the pier, and Wild Bill Kelso roars past on the motorcycle, plummeting into the water. As Cdr. Mitamura prepares to submerge, Wild Bill climbs aboard and order the Japanese to take him to Tokyo. In the morning, everyone recuperates at the destroyed Douglas house, and Gen. Stilwell commends the civilians for sinking the submarine. As Ward hangs a Christmas wreath on his door, the house slides over the cliff into the ocean. Gen. Stilwell predicts a long war.
TOP SEARCHES
The Symbol of the Unconquered
This Black independent film was shot in Fort Lee, NJ, under the working title The Wilderness Trail. A 6 Nov 1920 Moving Picture World item ... >>
Jurassic Park
In May 1990, Michael Crichton’s manuscript for Jurassic Park was set to be published by Alfred A. Knopf Inc. in Oct 1990. It was sent to several ... >>
Shoes
The print viewed for this record was a restoration of filmmaker Lois Weber’s 1916 feature-length picture, Shoes, completed in 2010 by the Eye Filmmuseum, Netherlands, ... >>
The Vampire
The 31 Jul 1915 Motion Picture News announced the upcoming production as the sixth from Popular Plays and Players, Inc., to be released through Metro Pictures Corp. ... >>
